A comparative study on load assessment methods for offshore wind
turbines using a simplified method and OpenFAST simulations
Abstract
Foundation design for offshore wind turbines (OWTs) is an iterative
process due to load iterations. Foundation stiffness is required for
aero-servo-hydro simulations that generate the turbine loads to be
experienced by the foundation. Furthermore, foundation stiffness is
dependent on its size and needs to be estimated prior to the simulations
where simplified methods are often used for load estimations. This paper
compares the foundation loads calculated for OWTs at mudline level using
a simplified approach and OpenFAST simulations. Three OWTs, NREL 5MW,
DTU 10MW and IEA 15MW are used as reference models. Extreme Turbulence
Model wind load at rated wind speed combined with the 50-year Extreme
Wave Height (EWH) and Extreme Operating Gust (EOG) wind load combined
with the 1-year maximum wave height are used as the load combinations in
this study. OpenFAST simulations are performed as an approach with
higher fidelity, where the results are then compared with a simplified
load estimation approach previously proposed. It is shown that the
simplified method provides conservative results for the estimated loads
compared to the OpenFAST results, where the extent of conservativism is
studied. Further, the pile penetration lengths calculated using the
mudline loads using two methods are compared. The results show that the
simplified approach can be effectively used during initial phases of the
monopile foundation design by using factor as 1.5 and 2 for shear force
and bending moment, respectively.