Antidiabetic features of AdipoAI, a novel AdipoR agonist.
Abstract
Adiponectin is an antidiabetic endogenous adipokine that have protective
role in unfavorable metabolic sequalae arising from obesity. Recent
evidence suggests a sinister link between hypoadiponectinemia and
development of insulin resistance/ type 2 diabetes (T2D). The insulin
sensitizing property of adiponectin is through specific adipoq receptors
R1 & R2, activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α pathways. AdipoAI is
a novel synthetic analogue of endogenous adiponectin with possibly
similar pharmacological effects. Thus, there is a need of orally active
small molecules that activate Adipoq subunits, and its downstream
signaling could ameliorate obesity related type 2 diabetes. This study
was aimed to access the effects of AdipoAI on obesity and T2D. Through
in-vitro and in-vivo analyses, we investigated the
anti-diabetic potentials of AdipoAI and compared it with AdipoRON,
another orally active adiponectin receptors agonist. Our results showed
that In-vitro treatment of AdipoAI (0-5µM) increased adiponectin
receptor subunits AdipoR1/R2 with increase in AMPK and APPL1 protein
expression in C2C12 myotubes. Similarly, in-vivo, oral
administration of AdipoAI (25 mg/kg) observed similar effects as that of
AdipoRON (50 mg/kg) with improved control of blood glucose and insulin
sensitivity in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice models. Further, AdipoAI
significantly reduced epididymal fat content with decrease in
inflammatory markers and increase in PPAR-a and AMPK levels and
exhibited hepatoprotective effects in liver. Further, AdipoAI and
AdipoRON also observed similar results in adipose tissue. Thus, our
results suggest that low doses of orally active small molecule agonist
of adiponectin AdipoAI can be a promising therapeutic target for obesity
and T2D.