CRUNCH! Is the scaffolding collapsing? The P3 ageing effect may be due
to neural dedifferentiation rather than compensation
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of the age-related P3
‘anterior’ shift using high-precision temporal principal components
analysis (tPCA). Continuous EEG was recorded from younger and older
adults while completing a two-stimulus visual oddball task. We narrowed
our tPCA input to the P3 range to enhance precision and reveal
potentially overlapping temporal components. eLORETA was used to model
group and condition-related differences in component sources to further
understanding of the functional relevance and neurobiology of the P3
anterior shift. The target P3a and P3b and the nontarget P3/l-P3 (late
P3) evidenced the expected anterior shift. There was a general reduction
in P3 component amplitudes in older compared to younger adults across
both stimulus types, consistent with the P3 ‘ageing effect’. For all P3
components, eLORETA modelled changes in activation of multiple and
diffuse sources with age, suggesting that neural processing is extending
beyond frontal regions and that crosstalk between different neural
networks is likely. Findings are aligned with the dedifferentiation
hypothesis, as reduced P3 target amplitudes reflect attenuated
responding to a preferred stimulus, and the anterior shift to nontargets
is a form of neural broadening, or decreased selectivity of processing
and increased responding to a non-preferred stimulus.