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Spleen involvement at diagnosis of multiple myeloma: a case report and literature review
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  • Alessia Fiorini,
  • Maria Gabriela Chavez,
  • Valentina Panichi,
  • Valentina Ranucci,
  • Daniele Remotti,
  • Michela Tarnani,
  • Marco Montanaro,
  • Roberto Latagliata,
  • Alessandro Andriani
Alessia Fiorini
Hematology - Belcolle Hospital
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Maria Gabriela Chavez
Service of Transfusional Medicine - Belcolle Hospital
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Valentina Panichi
UOC Clinical Diagnostic, Citofluorimetric Laboratory – ASL Viterbo – Belcolle Hospital
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Valentina Ranucci
UOC Anatomopathology – ASL Viterbo – Belcolle Hospital
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Daniele Remotti
UOC Anatomopathology – ASL Viterbo – Belcolle Hospital
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Michela Tarnani
Hematology - Belcolle Hospital
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Marco Montanaro
Hematology - Belcolle Hospital
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Roberto Latagliata
Hematology - Belcolle Hospital

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Alessandro Andriani
Hematology - Belcolle Hospital
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Abstract

Background Multiple Myeloma (MM) is more often characterized by clonal plasma cell proliferation restricted to the bone marrow. However, a small percentage of patients with MM develops extramedullary disease (EMD): this type of localization is found in 1.7-4.5% of the newly diagnosed MM (ND/MM) and in 3.4-10% of patients with relapsed or refractory disease (RR/MM) and seems to have a bad prognostic impact. In the present report, we describe a very rare case of splenic involvement in a patient with ND/MM. Case A 72 years old female was referred in June 2022 with asthenia and abdominal pain. At physical examination, spleen enlargement was detected, with anemia (Hb 10.5 g/dL) and thrombocythopenia (48 x 109/L). Abdominal echography confirmed spleen enlargement (20 cm of longitudinal diameter). Blood tests showed free light chain alteration with a λ/κ ratio of 800. Marrow aspiration showed 60% of λ-restricted immature plasma cells: p53 expression was present in 91% of elements. PET CT scan revealed multiple focal areas of bone increased metabolic activity and a widespread positivity of the spleen with focal areas of higher uptake. Diagnosis of MM with splenic EMD was done and Dara-VMP regimen was started. After the first cycle of therapy, a marked reduction of the spleen size was observed with increase of both Hb level and platelet count. After the 2nd cycle of therapy, however, there was evolution in plasma cells leukemia: Vd-PACE regimen was thus started, but after the 2nd cycle she died in October 2022 from septic shock and multiorgan failure. Conclusions Our very rare case of ND/MM with spleen involvement confirms the aggressive behaviour of EMD, with negative prognostic factors (p53 mutation) and failure to frontline highly effective therapy. In the other few cases of spleen involvement reported, however, there were only scarce details about response: as a consequence, collection of similar cases is warranted to fully understand clinical features and possible alternative approaches for these extremely rare patients.
01 Nov 2023Submitted to Cancer Reports
02 Nov 2023Submission Checks Completed
02 Nov 2023Assigned to Editor
02 Nov 2023Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
11 Apr 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned
31 Jul 2024Editorial Decision: Revise Major
20 Aug 20241st Revision Received
21 Aug 2024Submission Checks Completed
21 Aug 2024Assigned to Editor
21 Aug 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
30 Aug 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned
17 Sep 2024Editorial Decision: Revise Minor