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Mpox outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a translational approach.
  • +27
  • Terezinha Marta Castiñeiras,
  • Guilherme S. Lira,
  • Victor A. Ota,
  • Mariana Q. S. Melo,
  • Anna C. P. Castiñeiras,
  • Isabela C. Leitão,
  • Bianca O. Silva,
  • Diana Mariani,
  • Cássia C. A. Gonçalves,
  • Liane J. Ribeiro,
  • Marcia Halpern,
  • Thalita F. Abreu,
  • Fabiana A. Carneiro,
  • Helena Toledo Scheid,
  • Leonardo A. V. Souza,
  • Débora G. M. Rodrigues,
  • Nadia da Cruz,
  • Andrea Cony,
  • Silvia Carvalho,
  • Loyze P. O. de Lima,
  • Vincent Louis Viala,
  • Lucio A. Caldas,
  • Wanderley de Souza,
  • Luiza Higa,
  • Carolina M. Voloch,
  • Orlando Ferreira Junior,
  • Clarissa R. Damaso,
  • Rafael Galliez,
  • Debora Faffe,
  • Amilcar Tanuri
Terezinha Marta Castiñeiras
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Guilherme S. Lira
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Victor A. Ota
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Mariana Q. S. Melo
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Anna C. P. Castiñeiras
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Isabela C. Leitão
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Bianca O. Silva
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Diana Mariani
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Cássia C. A. Gonçalves
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Liane J. Ribeiro
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Marcia Halpern
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Thalita F. Abreu
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Fabiana A. Carneiro
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Helena Toledo Scheid
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Leonardo A. V. Souza
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Débora G. M. Rodrigues
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Nadia da Cruz
Instituto de Biologia do Exercito
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Andrea Cony
Fundacao Saude do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
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Silvia Carvalho
Governo do Rio de Janeiro
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Loyze P. O. de Lima
Instituto Butantan
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Vincent Louis Viala
Instituto Butantan
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Lucio A. Caldas
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Wanderley de Souza
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Luiza Higa
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Carolina M. Voloch
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Orlando Ferreira Junior
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Clarissa R. Damaso
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Rafael Galliez
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Debora Faffe
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Amilcar Tanuri
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Abstract

Mpox is a zoonotic disease historically reported in Africa. Since 2003, limited outbreaks have occurred outside Africa. In 2022, the global spread of cases with sustained interhuman transmission and unusual disease features raised public health concerns. We explore the mpox outbreak in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state, Brazil, in an observational study of mpox-suspected cases from June to December 2022. Data collection relied on a public healthcare notification form. Diagnosis was determined by MPXV-PCR. In 46 confirmed cases, anti-VACV IgG was determined by ELISA, and seven MPXV genomes were sequenced. A total of 3,095 cases were included, 816 (26%) with positive MPXV-PCR results. Most positive cases were men in their 30s and MSM. A total of 285 (35%) MPXV-PCR+ patients lived with HIV. Eight were coinfected with varicella-zoster virus. Anogenital lesions and adenomegaly were associated with the diagnosis of mpox. Females and individuals under 18 represented 9% and 5% of all confirmed cases, respectively, showing higher PCR cycle threshold values and fewer anogenital lesions than adult men. Anti-VACV IgG was detected in 29/46 (63%) patients. All analyzed sequences belonged to clade IIb. In RJ state, mpox presented a diverse clinical picture, represented mainly by mild cases with low complication rates and prominent genital involvement. The incidence in females and children was higher than usually reported. The observation of a bimodal distribution of Ct values, with few positive results, may suggest the need to review the diagnostic criteria in these groups.
19 Feb 2024Submitted to Journal of Medical Virology
19 Feb 2024Submission Checks Completed
19 Feb 2024Assigned to Editor
07 Mar 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned
30 Mar 2024Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
05 Apr 20241st Revision Received
09 Apr 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
10 Apr 2024Editorial Decision: Accept