Picosecond Laser Processing Enabled Geometrical Fill Factors Exceeding
98% for Inverted Wide Bandgap Perovskite Solar Modules
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have exhibited significant advancements
over the last decade, positioning them as the most promising candidate
for the next-generation photovoltaic technology. Recently, significant
efforts have been focused on the scale-up of PSCs towards enabling their
commercialization. In this study, we performed electrical simulations to
elucidate the balance between electrical and geometric losses in PSMs
and verified our model by fabricating opaque (PSMs) and semi-transparent
wide-bandgap perovskite solar modules (ST-PSMs). We showed that a P2
width of 20-50 µm provides an optimized P2 contact resistance, resulting
in high geometric fill factors (GFF) and fill factor (FF),
simultaneously. PSMs with an aperture area of 4.2 cm
2, reaching a GFF of 98.4%, an FF of 81.5%, and a
PCE of 17.78% were fabricated. To demonstrate the scalability of this
approach, 16 cm 2 PSMs, reaching a GFF of 97.0%, an
FF of 80.1%, and a PCE of 17.58% were fabricated. ST-PSMs (4 cm
2) with >92.5% GFF, 81.4% FF, and
15.68% PCE were fabricated. We believe that the proposed optoelectronic
model, along with its validation through the fabrication, exhibiting
exceptionally high GFFs and FFs, elucidates the optical-electrical
trade-off in PSMs and thus offers valuable insights for the design of
highly efficient PSMs.