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Comparing the Antimicrobial, Anti-Biofilm, and Cytotoxic Effects of
Thymol/Ampicillin and Thymol/Cefotaxime against Escherichia coli
Bacteria
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and
cytotoxic effects of thymol/ampicillin with thymol/cefotaxime on
Escherichia coli (E. coli). The antimicrobial investigation of thymol /
cefotaxime and thymol/ampicillin individually and in combination was
performed on E.coli ATCC25922 bacterial strain and 20 clinical strains
by MIC-MBC method. Biofilm skill, kinetic kinetics, checkerboard method
of these compounds were performed on E.coli ATCC25922 bacterial strain.
The investigation of the functional groups and chemical bands of these
compounds was done with FTIR device, and the toxicity investigation was
done on human red blood cells by hemolysis method and skin fibroblast
cells by MTT method. The results of this study showed that the
antimicrobial effects of the thymol/ampicillin 2/8) µg/ml) were better
than the thymol/cefotaxime 16/128) µg/ml( in both ATCC and clinical
strains. In the examination with the FTIR device, one band named C=C
conjugated, C≡C in both compounds showed the connection between
thymol/ampicillin and thymol/cefotaxime. The biofilm inhibition effect
of thymol/ampicillin (62 %) was better than thymol/cefotaxime (39.28
%) on E. coli ATCC25922. The bacterial killing time curve of the
thymol/ampicillin at a lower concentration and time was better than the
combination of thymol/cefotaxime. Cytotoxicity of synergistic compounds
on RBCs and human skin fibroblasts (Ffk) was not different and was lower
than that of Triton X-100. This study showed that the antimicrobial and
anti-biofilm effects of the combination of thymol/ampicillin are better
than the combination of thymol/cefotaxime, which can be used as a new
drug in the treatment of diseases caused by E. coli bacteria.