Saline agricultural soils in the Senegal River delta, which are predominantly used for rice cultivation, require preliminary washing of the plots, the addition of mineral fertilizers, and several passes of agricultural machinery for various tillage operations, treatments, and harvesting. Consequently, the natural state of compaction is altered, which may be affecting the productivity of the plots due to surface compaction, with the formation of a hardpan, or deeper compaction, leading to poor drainage. For this study on soil compaction in agriculture, several plots from the Ross-Béthio GIE Cooperative, located in the Senegal River valley, Saint Louis region, were selected with different moisture levels after fallow. A soil sample was taken from different subsamples of the plots for a complete physicochemical analysis. This analysis was performed at the Centre de Recherches Agricoles in Saint-Louis of the Senegalese Agricultural Research Institute (ISRA). With a manual Eijkelkamp cone penetrometer, force measurements were taken every 5 cm in depth, from 0 to 100 cm, to later determine the compaction expressed as a Cone Index. To determine soil moisture, an IMKO TRIME-PICO 64/32 probe was used. The data correspond to the water volume fraction in soil volume (m ³/m ³). A result of pH 6.32 was determined, corresponding to a low acid pH, the analyzed soil has excessive salinity, very low nitrogen content, and very low organic matter content. The state of soil compaction in the rice fields of the Senegal River delta is characterized by a superficial crust in the first 5 cm with a Cone Index ranging from 0.38 to 1.02 MPa. From there, the surface compaction values range from 1.82 to 2.32 MPa up to 50 and 55 cm. Deep layer compaction, up to 65 and 70 cm, can reach 3.00 MPa. It can be considered that the hardpan appears at 50 cm deep with 2.32 MPa. These results occur without significant influence of the soil water content during the tests. On the other hand, from the behavior of the Cone Index in the superficial and deep layers, it is observed that the water content has a negligible influence, that the tillage system and the number of passes correspond to traditional tillage techniques. In addition, the increase in the Cone Index in the deep layers is due to the high salt content and the low organic matter content.