This article explores the issues involved in developing personalized medicine as part of the KidneySign project, which aim is to mobilize translational Big Data to validate a proteomic biomarker of renal fibrosis. This research offers hope for the management of chronic kidney disease in terms of early diagnosis and treatment. This article looks at how the human and social sciences can be mobilized within the project to study the adjoining ethical, legal and social issues. By highlighting these aspects, this point of view defends a multidisciplinary approach to personalized medicine and artificial intelligence in medicine. The presentation of theoretical and methodological contributions of social sciences in the case of KidneySign offers an opportunity to better understand the integration of these disciplines into biomedical research. It allows to question the study protocol itself and to frame it through legal contributions (considering the legal aspects, consequences and challenges). Moreover, by carrying out a sociological study, one may identify key points and highlight the limits of the technophile fantasy in the representations of patients and healthcare professionals. The introduction of new technologies into medical research and practice requires particular attention to ethics.