iPS-derived exosomes alleviate endothelial cell apoptosis and
inflammation in Kawasaki disease through endogenous hsa-miR-1976 binding
to CD40
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limiting
vasculitis with an elusive etiology and can cause vascular endothelial
injury. Exosomes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS-EXO)
can exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis
properties. The objective of study is to explore the therapeutic effects
of iPS-EXO on KD, and try to illuminate the underlying mechanisms.
Experimental Approach: Mouse KD model with coronary arteritis induced by
Candida albicans wall water-soluble fraction (CAWS) and human umbilical
vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury KD model induced by tumor necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-α) were established to assess the anti-inflammatory
and anti-apoptotic effects of iPS-EXO on KD. Key Results: In vivo
experiments revealed that iPS-EXO could significantly inhibit the
CD45-positive leukocyte infiltration, mitigate tissue fibrosis,
down-regulate the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines,
and reduce vascular endothelial cell apoptosis around coronary arteries
of KD mice. In vitro results showed that iPS-EXO could also effectively
inhibit TNF-α induced HUVEC inflammation and apoptosis by
down-regulating inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reducing TUNEL
positive and flow cytometry apoptotic cells, and decreasing BAX/BCL-2
levels. However, these effects could be reversed by the AMPK inhibitor
compound C (CC) and hsa-miR-1976-KO iPS-EXO. Conclusions and
Implications: The further mechanism study based on bioinformatics
analysis and western blotting indicated that iPS-EXO may exert
anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects on KD through endogenous
hsa-miR-1976 binding to CD40 to activate the AMPK/mTOR/NF-κB pathway,
suggesting that iPS-EXO may be a promising therapeutic candidate for KD.
KEYWORDS: Kawasaki disease (KD), Exosomes derived from induced
pluripotent stem cells (iPS-EXO), Endothelial cells, Apoptosis,
Inflammation