The necessity to understand the influence of global ocean change on biota has exposed wide-ranging gaps in our knowledge of the fundamental principles that underpin marine life. Concurrently, physiological research has stagnated, in part driven by the advent and rapid evolution of molecular biological techniques, such that they now influence all lines of enquiry in biological and microbial oceanography. This dominance has led to an implicit assumption that physiology is outmoded, and advocacy that ecological and biogeochemical models can be directly informed by omics. However, the main modelling currencies continue to be biological rates and biogeochemical fluxes. Here we ask: how do we translate the wealth of information on physiological potential from omics-based studies to quantifiable physiological rates and, ultimately, to biogeochemical fluxes? Based on the trajectory of the state-of-the-art in biomedical sciences, along with case-studies from ocean sciences, we conclude that it is unlikely that omics can provide such rates in the coming decade. Thus, while physiological rates will continue to be central to providing projections of global change biology, we must revisit the metrics we rely upon. We advocate for the co-design of a new generation of rate measurements that better link the benefits of omics and physiology.

Semi-open hydrous pyrolysis experiments on coal-measure source rocks in the Xihu Sag were conducted to investigate the carbon isotope evolution of kerogen, bitumen, generated expelled oil, and gases with increasing thermal maturity. Seven experiments corresponding were conducted at 335 °C-575 °C, while other experimental factors, such as the heating time and rate, lithostatic and hydrodynamic pressures, and columnar original samples were kept the same. The results showed that the simulated temperatures were positive for the measured vitrinite reflectance (Ro), with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9861. With increasing Ro, lower maturity, maturity, higher maturity, and post-maturity stages occurred at simulated temperatures (Ts) of 335–360 °C, 360–400 °C, 400–480 °C, and 480–575 °C, respectively. Moreover, the carbon isotopes of kerogen, bitumen, expelled oil, and gases were associated with an increased Ro. Ignoring the intermediate reaction process, the thermal evolution process can be summarized as kerogen0 (original) + bitumen0 (original) → kerogenr (residual kerogen) + expelled oil (generated) + bitumenn+r (generated + residual) + C2+ (generated + residual) + CH4 (generated). Among these, bitumen, expelled oil, and C2-5 acted as reactants and products, whereas kerogen and methane were the reactants and products, respectively. Thus, the reaction and production mechanisms of carbon isotopes can be obtained based on their changing degree and yields in kerogen, bitumen, expelled oil, and gases. Furthermore, combining the analysis of geochemical characteristics of the Pinghu Formation coal-oil-type gas in actual strata with these pyrolysis experiments, it was identified that this area also had substantial development potential.

Stable Ca isotopic composition (δ44/40Ca) of crustal carbonates are typically lighter than that of the bulk silicate Earth value (~1.05 ‰). Hence, δ44/40Ca of mantle-derived rocks can potentially trace recycled crustal carbonates into the mantle. We report the Ca isotopic compositions of globally distributed carbonatites (n = 46), which are unique igneous rocks with more than 50% modal carbonate minerals, with eruption ages ranging from Precambrian until recent. The δ44/40Ca (w.r.t. SRM915a) of these carbonatites show a large range (0.35 ‰ to 1.26 ‰), which is significantly higher than the analytical uncertainty (0.08‰) of the measurements performed using TIMS at CEaS, IISc. These samples are well-characterized in terms of their major and trace element geochemistry as well as Nd, Sr, B, C, and O isotopic compositions for selected samples. No systematic trend is observed between δ44/40Ca of the carbonatites and their eruption ages. Significant variability is observed in δ44/40Ca values in samples from individual provinces including those from the Oka complex in Canada (0.44 ‰ – 1.26 ‰, n= 8), Ambadongar (0.53 ‰ – 1.1 ‰, n= 8) and the Newania complexes (0.44 ‰ – 0.83 ‰, n= 4) in north-west India, the South Indian carbonatites (0.65 ‰ – 0.91 ‰, n= 3) and carbonatites from the Palabora complex in South Africa (0.35 ‰ – 0.84‰, n= 3). The δ44/40Ca of carbonatites from Oka, Newania and the Ambadongar show strong correlations with Ca/Mg, Ca/Fe as well as CaO and MgO contents. The δ44/40Ca of the Oka and Ambadongar carbonatites show correlated variations with their Mg# and K/Rb ratios, respectively. The large variability in δ44/40Ca of global carbonatites is explained in terms of: (1) presence of isotopically lighter ancient subducted carbonates in the mantle-source regions and carbonate metasomatism of the mantle, (2) partial melting and differentiation of the carbonatite magma and (3) heterogeneity in the source-mantle mineralogy of carbonatites.

High latitude glacierized coastal catchments of the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) are undergoing rapid hydrologic changes in response to climate change and glacial recession. These catchments deliver important nutrients in the form of both inorganic and organic matter to the nearshore marine environment, yet are relatively understudied with respect to characterization of the solute generation processes and total yields. Using multiple linear regression informed by Bayesian Information Criterion analysis we empirically demonstrate how watershed characteristics affect solute generation as represented by concentration-discharge relationships. We find that watershed mean slope and relief control solute generation and that solute yields are influenced most by glacier coverage. We contribute a new flux and concentration-discharge based conceptualization for understanding solute cycles across a hydroclimatic gradient of GoA watersheds that can be used to better understand future watershed responses to rapid hydrologic change.

The transition from the Semail ophiolite mantle to the underlying metamorphic sole was drilled at ICDP OmanDP Hole BT1B. We analyzed the bulk major, volatile and trace element compositions of the mantle-derived listvenite series and metamorphic rocks, with the aim to constrain chemical transfers associated to peridotite carbonation along the ophiolite basal thrust. The listvenite series comprise variously carbonated serpentinites and (fuchsite-bearing) listvenites. They have high CO2 (up to 43.2 wt.%) and variable H2O (0-12.1 wt.%). Yet, they have compositions close to that of the basal banded peridotites for most major and lithophile trace elements, with fuchsite-bearing listvenites overlapping in composition with amphibole-bearing basal lherzolites (e.g., Al2O3= 0.1-2.2 wt.%; Yb= 0.05-1 x CI-chondrite), The protolith of the listvenite series was likely similar in structure and composition to serpentinized banded peridotites which immediately overlie the metamorphic sole elsewhere in Oman. The listvenite series are enriched in fluid mobile elements (FME) compared to Semail peridotites (up to ~103-104 x Primitive Mantle), with concentrations similar to the underthrusted metabasalts and/or metasediments for Cs, Sr and Ca and sometimes even higher for Pb, Li, As, and Sb (e.g., Li up to 130 ppm; As up to 170 ppm). We also observe a decoupling between Sr-Ca enrichments and other FME, indicating interactions with several batches of deep CO2-rich fluids transported along the basal thrust. These results suggest that peridotite carbonation could represent one of the major trap-and-release mechanisms for carbon, water and FME along convergent margins.

The oceanic phosphorus cycle describes how phosphorus moves through the ocean, accumulates with the sediments on the sea floor, and participates in biogeochemical reactions. We propose a new two-reservoir scenario of the glacial-interglacial phosphorus cycle. It relies on diagenesis in methane hydrate-bearing sediments to mobilize sedimentary phosphorus and transfer it to the ocean during times when falling sea level lowers the hydrostatic pressure on the sea floor and destabilizes methane hydrate. Throughout the cycle, primary production assimilates phosphorus and inorganic carbon into biomass which, upon settling and burial, returns phosphorus to the sedimentary reservoir. The impact of the two processes is not balanced: the former increases the oceanic phosphorus inventory whereas the latter decreases it. Primary production also lowers the partial pressure of COin the surface ocean, potentially drawing down COfrom the atmosphere. Concurrent with this slow ‘biological pump’, but operating in the opposite direction, a ‘physical pump’ brings metabolic COenriched waters from deep-ocean basins to the upper ocean. The two pumps compete, but the direction of the COflux at the air-sea interface depends on the nutrient content of the deep waters. Because of the transfer of reactive phosphorus to the sediment throughout a glaciation cycle, low phosphorus/ high COdeep waters reign in the beginning of the deglaciation, resulting in rapid transfer of COto the atmosphere. The new scenario provides another element to the suite of processes that may have contributed to the rapid glacial-interglacial climate transitions documented in paleo records.

The retroarc of the North American Cordilleran orogen in Nevada and Utah has been divided into the frontal Sevier fold-thrust belt in Utah, which accommodated shortening between ~145 and ~50 Ma, and a broad region of Nevada referred to as the ‘Sevier hinterland’. The hinterland is hypothesized to have developed into a high-elevation orogenic plateau (or ‘Nevadaplano’) at some point between the Late Jurassic and the Paleogene. Recent paleoaltimetry utilizing clumped isotope temperature estimates suggests that at least some basins on the Nevadaplano were at an elevation of 2.2-3.1 km by the latest Cretaceous. However, it remains uncertain precisely when the Nevadaplano attained these high elevations and if surface uplift developed steadily along with protracted shortening in the Sevier fold-thrust belt or occurred rapidly and was decoupled from the shortening record. In order to extend the surface elevation history of the Nevadaplano further back in time, we have investigated the type-exposure of the mid-Cretaceous (~113-98 Ma) Newark Canyon Formation (Knc) in central Nevada. The Knc records synorogenic sedimentation in the Sevier hinterland during the early to middle stages of shortening in the Sevier thrust belt. We will present terrestrial surface temperature estimates from clumped isotope analyses derived from palustrine, lacustrine, and pedogenic carbonate-bearing facies. Contextualized by structural evidence and corrected for secular climate change, these data suggest that the studied Knc basin had not developed substantial surface elevation by the mid-Cretaceous. However, there was likely some considerable surface relief in this region associated with active fold-thrust structures in the upper crust. Preliminary temperature estimates range between 22 and 70°C. These temperatures reflect a range of facies-specific differences in primary carbonate formation, as well as, diagenetic overprinting of some samples. Consistently warm temperatures throughout the stratigraphic section suggest that there was no significant cooling due to elevation gain between ~113 and ~98 Ma. We will discuss the implications of these results for the style and timing of deformation and surface uplift within the Nevadaplano.

This project aims to quantify the resiliency of prairie ecosystems in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) to climate change. Prairies in this region sustain over one million beef cows, and cow­-calf production costs are expected to increase to offset warming-induced plant productivity loss. We investigated the above- and belowground effects of experimental warming in prairie ecosystems by assessing biogeochemical controls on and patterns of asymbiotic nitrogen fixation (ANF), plant species diversity, and legume cover to address a major challenge for sustainable agriculture in the region. We hypothesize that the effect of warming on prairie functional diversity increases soil asymbiotic nitrogen inputs by decreasing legume cover and soil nitrogen availability. We quantified the effects of decadal warming stress (+2.5ºC) on soil biogeochemical properties and plant species and functional diversity during fall and spring seasons in three sites along a 520­km latitudinal gradient—from central Washington to southern Oregon—representing a drought severity gradient. At each site, we collected composite soil samples from five co-­located prairie plots under control (ambient) and warming conditions. We incubated these soils using 15N-labeled dinitrogen (15N2), and quantified total soil carbon­, total and available nitrogen, and available phosphorus and iron pools to better understand the underlying mechanisms governing warming-­induced changes in ANF. We used a point intercept technique to survey plot-level plant community composition and calculate Shannon’s diversity index and percent cover of legumes (members of Fabaceae according to the Integrated Taxonomic Information System). Warming significantly decreased plant species diversity which also decreased along the drought severity gradient. Legume cover significantly increased from 3.1% in the north to 9.2% in the south. ANF response to warming varied by season and site, where rates increased with the drought severity gradient in the fall but decreased during the spring. Total soil inorganic nitrogen availability was the strongest predictor of ANF response to warming in the spring but not in the fall. Our study highlights the importance of using soil-plant-atmosphere interactions to assess prairie ecosystem resilience to climate change in the PNW.

The Ethiopian sector of the East African Rift system (the Main Ethiopian Rift, MER) and Afar rift showcase advanced stages of continental breakup. Here the interplay between active continental rifting and rift-induced volcanism poses key questions regarding the mantle geodynamics of late-stage rift development. A particular subject of interest is the presence of hot mantle upwellings in the sub-rift mantle, which are inferred from geophysical imaging. Magma generation in the sub-rift asthenosphere depends on the temperature, lithology, and composition of the upwelling mantle material. Geophysical observations of the sub-rift mantle must therefore be supported by petrological studies aimed at understanding the physico-chemical conditions of melt production. In this study we investigate melt generation beneath the MER and Afar using a mantle melting model constrained by olivine crystallization temperatures and rare-earth element (REE) concentrations, both observed in rift zone lavas. Olivine crystallization, a proxy for magma liquidus temperature, is directly related to the thermodynamic and geochemical conditions of the melting mantle. Through application of an olivine-spinel aluminium exchange thermometer, we provide the first petrological olivine crystallization temperatures for MER and Afar basalts (1177±16°C and 1263±43°C respectively). A multi-lithology mantle melting model subsequently allows for inversion of our olivine crystallization temperatures and observed REE concentrations of rift magmas to estimate the temperature, lithology, and composition of the Ethiopian mantle. Our results suggest that the crystallization temperatures and REE distributions measured at the MER and Afar necessitate elevated mantle temperatures (Tp ≥ 1450 °C) relative to ambient mid-ocean ridge mantle. A thick mantle lithosphere (~60 km) is also required to provide deep garnet-field mantle melting inferred from REE distributions. We additionally conclude that an enriched and fusible pyroxenitic mantle component is necessary to match crustal melt thicknesses and observed REE concentrations. The composition of this pyroxenitic lithology is further explored through our inversions, and the contributions of enriched pyroxenitic melts to rift volcanism in the MER and Afar are subsequently compared.

Soil samples (n = 45) and water samples (n = 111) were collected in the coastal zone of SW Bangladesh in wet (November) and dry (May) seasons in 2016 to identify the factors influencing soil arsenic concentrations. Soils are entisols formed from recently deposited, predominantly silt-sized sediments with low carbon concentrations typical of the local mangrove forests. Arsenic concentrations in bulk soil are higher in November than in May and vary little between sites. Arsenic concentrations in deionized H2O extracts are ~2 orders of magnitude lower, indicating only ~1% of As is soluble. Water samples show that As concentrations are highest in groundwater from tubewells. Bulk soil As is positively correlated with As concentration in irrigation water, suggesting that As from irrigation water is added to the soil. Unlike other water types, As in rice paddy water is much higher in the wet season, consistent with some fields being irrigated with tubewell water. Arsenic in rice paddy water increases by soil sulfide dissolution, and decreases by dilution during the monsoon. Water soluble As in rice paddy soils is positively correlated with S and DOC concentrations in rice paddy soil extracts due to sulfide dissolution and complexation with DOC. Thus, waterlogging of rice paddy soils leads to reducing conditions, the absence of ferric oxyhydroxides that could sorb As, and the presence of sulfides that incorporate As. As soil pH increases from 7 to 8, KD(soil/extract) increases, consistent with the observed positive correlation between irrigation water pH and bulk soil As concentration. Arsenic bioavailability could be decreased through soil aeration (draining and tilling) and by avoiding the use of groundwater for rice paddy irrigation.

Alteration of mantle peridotite in the Samail ophiolite forms secondary minerals, mainly serpentine and Mg-rich carbonates. Magnesium accounts for approximately 25 to 30% of peridotite mass and its mobility can be used to trace this alteration. We report the first set of Mg isotope measurements from peridotites and their alteration products in Oman. Partially serpentinized peridotites have Mg isotope ratios that are indistinguishable from estimates for the average mantle and bulk silicate earth (d26Mg =-0.25±0.04‰). However, more extensively altered peridotite samples show large shifts in Mg isotopic composition. The range of d26Mg values for our suite of alteration products from the mantle section is ~4.5‰;, or ~60% of the total range of terrestrial variability in d26Mg values. Serpentine veins are typically enriched in Mg (up to 0.96‰) whereas Mg-carbonate veins are associated with low Mg/Mg ratios (magnesite d26Mg =-3.3‰, dolomite d26Mg =-1.91‰). Our preferred explanation for the range in d26Mg values involves co-precipitation of serpentine and carbonates at water-to-rock ratios >10^3. The coincidence of alteration products characterized by d26Mg values that are both lower and higher than bulk silicate Earth and the finite C ages of the carbonates suggest that both serpentinization and carbonation are ongoing in Oman. Rates of calcite precipitation in travertines inferred from D26Mgcal-fl suggest that travertine formation in Oman sequesters a total of 10^6-10^7 kg CO/yr, consistent with previous estimates.

The Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota evolution has remarkable spatiotemporal correlation with the destruction of the North China craton though the coupling mechanism remains enigmatic. The craton destruction was accompanied by intense magmatic activity and the released volatiles and nutrients might have had climatic and environmental impacts on the biotic evolution. In this study, we investigated the mentioned hypothetical causal link by determining concentrations and total emissions of volatile elements (S, F, Cl) and bulk-rock P contents of volcanic rocks that were erupted during the pre-flourishing, flourishing and post-flourishing stages of the Jehol Biota. Our results show that the volcanism near the flourishing stage has lower S (1083-2370 ppm), Cl (1277-5608 ppm) and higher P2O5 contents (0.48-0.84 wt.%) than that in non-flourishing stages with S of 1991-3288 ppm, Cl of 7915-12315 ppm and P2O5 of 0.17-0.23 wt.%. Fluorine contents in the three stages vary from 893 to 3746 ppm. The total volatile emissions are minor in the flourishing stage (3.6-6.6 Gt S, 2.2-4.6 Gt Cl and 2.1-4.0 Gt F) but elevated in the non-flourishing stages (1-690 Gt S, 4-934 Gt Cl and 1-308 Gt F). Our data suggest that regional climatic and environmental impacts of volcanism in the non-flourishing stages probably hindered the species diversification. The high P flux released from lithospheric mantle-derived lavas during the peak time of craton destruction might enhance primary productivity and contribute to the flourishing of the Jehol Biota. Our study provides insights into the relationship between the biosphere and deep geodynamic processes driven by volcanism.

Speleothem oxygen isotope records (δ18O) of tropical South American rainfall in the late Quaternary show a zonal “South American Precipitation Dipole” (SAPD). The dipole is characterized by opposing east-west precipitation anomalies compared to the present—wetter in the east and drier in the west at the mid-Holocene (∼7 ka), and drier in the east and wetter in the west at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼21 ka). However, the SAPD remains enigmatic because it is expressed differently in western versus eastern δ18O records and isotope-enabled climate model simulations usually misrepresent the magnitude and/or spatial pattern of δ18O change. Here, we address the SAPD enigma in two parts. First, we re-interpret the δ18O data to account for upwind rainout effects that are known to be pervasive in tropical South America, but are not always considered in Quaternary paleoclimate studies. Our revised interpretation reconciles the δ18O data with cave infiltration and other proxy records, and indicates that the centroid of tropical South American rainfall has migrated zonally over time. Second, using an energy balance model of tropical atmospheric circulation, we hypothesize that zonal migration of the precipitation centroid can be explained by regional energy budget shifts, such as changing Saharan albedo associated with the African Humid Period, that have not been modeled in previous SAPD studies. This hypothesis of a migrating precipitation centroid presents a new framework for interpreting δ18O records from tropical South America and may help explain the zonal rainfall anomalies that predate the late Quaternary.

A transient period of climate change, characterized by a global warming of ~2.5–5°C followed by a cooling to pre-excursion conditions, occurred during the last 300 kyr of the Maastrichtian (~66.34–66.02 Ma). This instability may have played a role in destabilizing marine and terrestrial ecosystems, priming the system for abrupt extinction at the K-Pg boundary, likely triggered by a large bolide impact. This pre-K-Pg warming event has often been linked to the main phase of Deccan Trap volcanism, however large uncertainties associated with radio-isotopic dating methods of basalts, along with low sedimentation rates and hiatuses in many studied sedimentary sequences, have long hampered a definitive correlation. To complement recent advances in dating of the traps, we have generated the first complete and highest resolution (2.5–4 kyr) benthic stable δ13C and δ18O record for the final million years of the Maastrichtian using the epifaunal foraminifera species Nuttallides truempyi from ODP Site 1262, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic, calibrated to an updated orbitally-tuned age model. We then compare our data to other previously published geochemical data from other sites in the high, middle, and low latitudes. Our data confirms that the onset of the warming event coincides with the onset of the main phase of Deccan volcanism, strongly suggesting a causal link. Furthermore, spectral analysis of our extended late Maastrichtian-Early Eocene record suggests that the onset of the warming event corresponds to a 405-kyr eccentricity minima, in contrast to many transient warming events (hyperthermals) of the Paleogene, suggesting a control by orbital forcing alone is unlikely. A peculiar feature of the event, compared to other hyperthermals, is a muted carbon cycle response during warming, which may be related to the comparatively heavier δ13C signature of volcanogenic CO2 (–7‰), compared to other sources of light carbon invoked to explain Paleogene hyperthermals. The warming event coincided with minor extinctions of thermocline-dwelling foraminifera, along with dwarfing and blooms of the opportunistic disaster genera Guembelitria, suggesting that Deccan-induced climatic instability may have played a role in priming high-stress ecosystems which were tipped over a threshold into mass extinction during bolide impact.

Pore water freshening (i.e., decreases in dissolved Cl) has been documented in marine sediments along most active margins, with the migration of deep fluids or methane hydrate dissociation often invoked as sources of freshening in the sediment column. During D/V JOIDES Resolution Expedition 379T in 2019, two new sites (J1005 and J1006) were cored near ODP Site 1233 (41°S), adjacent to a seafloor mound venting structure. The three sites are less than 10 km apart but show marked differences in pore water chemistry and methane hydrate occurrence. The extent of Cl decrease is a function of distance from the mound, with the strongest freshening occurring at the closest site (J1006), which is the only site where methane hydrate was observed. Methane fluxes follow the same pattern, suggesting a common control. Increasing oxygen and decreasing hydrogen isotopes point to deep mineral bound water as the primary source of freshening near the mound, with fluids originating ~2.5 km below seafloor near the décollement. Secondary influences from methane hydrate dissociation and ash diagenesis also appear to influence regional pore water chemistry. The variability in pore water freshening suggests that fluid migration and eventual expulsion at the venting structure follows narrow pathways, likely along faults within the forearc complex. The migration of deep, gas-charged fluids may also support methane hydrate saturations greater than in situ organic carbon diagenesis would allow, but nonetheless consistent with geophysical estimates. Together, the data highlight an important link between fluid migration and methane hydrate formation on the Chilean Margin.

Particle sinking velocity is an important determinant of carbon transport and sequestration to the deep-sea. It is however technically challenging to measure in situ particle sinking velocities. Recently, methods based on the radioactive pairs, (234Th-238U and 210Po-210Pb) were developed to estimate average sinking velocity (ASV), along the classical carbon export flux estimates. The influence of ASVs on key metrics of the biological carbon pump such as (i) the particle export efficiency (defined as the proportion of PP being exported below the surface ocean) (ii) carbon export fluxes and attenuation, still remain uncertain and need to be further evaluated. ASVs are calculated in five biogeochemically contrasting sites: high latitude (Irminger Basin; Scotia Sea), temperate (PAP site) and oligotrophic (BATS, Equator) North Atlantic. ASVs are also calculated for different bloom stages (bloom - post bloom) in the North Atlantic and at the start of the bloom in two contrasting sites in the Southern Ocean (Scotia Sea). A systematic increase of ASVs with depth, inversely correlated to carbon flux attenuation, is detected. We assess whether the increase in ASV with depth is correlated with either temperature or community structure (phytoplankton and/or zooplankton). Evidences of ASV correlation with carbon export efficiency are detected, but they vary strongly with season and location, e.g. very distinct relationships are found for the results from Scotia Sea, likely driven by zooplankton abundance.

Ocean geochemical tracers such as radiocarbon, protactinium and thorium isotopes, and noble gases are widely used to constrain a range of physical and biogeochemical processes in the ocean. However their routine simulation in global ocean circulation and climate models is hindered by the computational expense of integrating them to a steady state. Here, a new approach to this long-standing “spin-up’ problem is introduced to efficiently compute equilibrium distributions of such tracers in seasonally-forced models. Based on “Anderson Acceleration’, a sequence acceleration technique developed in the 1960s to solve nonlinear integral equations, the new method is entirely “black box’ and offers significant speed-up over conventional direct time integration. Moreover, it requires no preconditioning, ensures tracer conservation and is fully consistent with the numerical time-stepping scheme of the underlying model. It thus circumvents some of the drawbacks of other schemes such as matrix-free Newton Krylov that have been proposed to address this problem. An implementation specifically tailored for the batch HPC systems on which ocean and climate models are typically run is described, and the method illustrated by applying it to a variety of geochemical tracer problems. The new method, which provides speed-ups by over an order of magnitude, should make simulations of such tracers more feasible and enable their inclusion in climate change assessments such as IPCC.

The latest launched Sentinel satellite mission, the Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P) is one of the European Space Agency’s (ESA) new mission family – Sentinels. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (270 nm to 495 nm), near infrared (675 nm to 775 nm), and shortwave infrared (2305 nm - 2385 nm). Sentinel-5P is the first of the Atmospheric Composition Sentinels and is providing measurements of ozone, NO2, SO2, CH4, CO, formaldehyde, aerosols and cloud at high spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions. The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) is one of the 12 Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs) within NASA’s Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS). The GES DISC archives and supports over a thousand data collections in the Focus Areas of Atmospheric Composition, Water & Energy Cycles, and Climate Variability. Under the End User License Agreement between NASA and ESA, GES DISC is curating TROPOMI Level-1B and Level-2 products and providing information services through enhanced tools and services that offer facile solutions for complex Earth science data and applications. This presentation will demonstrate up-to-date TROPOMI products including earthview radiance, solar irradiance, aerosol layer height, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and cloud, as well as easy ways to access, visualize and subset TROPOMI data.