Andrographis saxatilis (Acanthaceae) new species is described and illustrated from the rocky plateau of the Owk Dam area, Andhra Pradesh. It is a perennial, woody undershrub. Unique characters are hispid hairy, obovate, elliptic-oblong and oblanceolate leaves; lanceolate glandular hairy sepals; empty (without flowers) bract and calyx towards base of rachis. Andrographis saxatilis allied A. glandulosa Nees by its perennial habit, woody rootstock in between rocks, glaucous green leaves, hairy stem, attenuate and glandular hairs on sepals and corolla tube outside. But it distinguished from the later by its hispid texture (versus densely pubescent), obovate, elliptic-oblong, and oblanceolate leaves (versus ovate-oblong), obtusely 4-angled stem (versus acutely 4-angled), hispid and glandular hairy sepals (versus villous with long glandular hairs), boat-shaped upper lip of corolla (versus ligulate), pubescent fruit (versus glabrous at base and glandular hairy towards the tip). IUCN threat status of the species is assessed as ‘Data Deficient’ (DD) in this article.

Euonymus fangdingianus, a new species from southwestern China and northern Vietnam, is described and illustrated. This species differs from its congeners mainly in having large thick leave blade, abaxial black-punctate blade, impressed and abaxial prominent veins, cauliflorous inflorescences, dark purple flower in 5-merous, and obovoid capsules with angles and grooves. A photograph image and conservation assessment for the new species are provided. In addition, the cauliflory in E. fangdingianus, an unusual flowering pattern in Euonymus, is described preliminarily.

Corydalis miaotaiensis, a new species of C. sect. Asterostigma Fedde ex C.Y. Wu & H. Chuang (Papaveraceae) from the Qinling-Daba mountains region, central China, is described. It belongs in the C. temulifolia group of the section and is most closely similar to C. ternatifolia C.Y. Wu, Z.Y. Su & Lidén, but differs by having crested (vs. ecristate) outer petals, unbranched, suberect, erect and decumbent (vs. branched, ascending) stems, bipinnate (vs. biternate) rosette leaves and by the presence (vs. absence) of axillary bulbils, long stolons, and long shoots. This study suggests the need of fully botanizing growth habit for species description in Corydalis that is linked to plant life stages.

The contemporary interaction of climate and disturbance drives vegetation composition and species distribution shifts, making their respective roles difficult to disentangle. This study describes the long-term ruderal plant species distributions along the ‘Rallarvägen’ in Abisko, subarctic Sweden. This trail currently serves as a hiking trail but was initially created as a construction road for a railroad from 1898 to 1903 and is paralleled by the E10 Highway since 1982. Using vegetation and climate data from 1903, 1913, 1983, and 2021, we found that warm-adapted ruderal plant species were common along the Rallarvägen shortly after railroad construction in the early 20th century. Interestingly, many of these native and non-native ruderals with relatively high temperature affinity that were present in 1903 and 1913 have since disappeared and have not reappeared, despite the substantial increase in regional temperature in recent decades. In addition, the historical disturbances have had long-lasting effects on the current spatial distribution of the ruderal vegetation. Most ruderals still reside close to the railroad tracks and are progressively filtered out with increasing distance from anthropogenically disturbed introductory points, such as train stations, where they peak in species richness – a process we term “Horizontal Directional Ecological Filtering”, in parallel to the established concept of “Directional Ecological Filtering” along elevational gradients. The historical record of ruderal plant species in the region, influenced by a century-old railroad construction, emphasizes the importance of knowing a system’s disturbance history for understanding current vegetation dynamics and anticipating its future in a changing climate.

Primulina magnifica F. Wen & W.C. Chou, a new species of Gesneriaceae from the limestone areas of Yizhou District, Hechi City, Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated here. It morphologically resembles P. mollifolia (D.Fang & W.T.Wang), J.M.Li & Yin Z.Wang in leaf blades. Still, it can be easily distinguished from the latter by noting a combination of characteristics, especially in its tube infundibuliform, and obviously broader bracts. We found only one population, about 300 mature individuals, at the type locality. According to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1), the new species is tentatively designated as Critically Endangered (CR).

SUMMARY A new name is proposed for a rare species of Chlorophytum (Asparagaceae) restricted to south-western Tanzania, northern Zambia and Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo). The new name, Chlorophytum restrictum Kativu, is published for Chlorophytum minor Kativu (Nordic J. Bot. 13: 502-503, 1993)).

A document by Line Johansen. Click on the document to view its contents.

A new species of Senecio L. (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), Senecio anjanericus is described and illustrated from the Anjaneri Hills of Nashik district, Maharashtra, India based on morphological and cytogenetical studies. The species resembles Senecio bombayensis but differs from it in small size of the ligules, presence of conspicuous foliose supplementary bracts and dense indumentum on stem. The somatic chromosome count was observed to be 2n=2x=20, with all the chromosomes exhibiting median region centromeres. Detailed morphology, illustration and karyotypic features of the new species are provided.

Humid dunes slacks are a highly threatened habitat, listed as vulnerable in the EU habitat red list. Accelerated successional processes in dune systems have resulted in the loss and degradation of ideal conditions for specialist dune slack species, hence the need for conservation management. This study investigated the restoration of a dune slack in North Wales, UK, where soil removal was undertaken to reinstate nutrient-poor open damp conditions. It assessed the outcomes of the management for dune slack communities over the 18 years since restoration. It also assessed the differences between restored and unrestored areas of dune slacks. Since the restoration was carried out in winter 2004/05 surveys of fixed quadrats were undertaken most years until 2022 with an additional survey in 2022 of the adjacent un-restored parts of the dune slacks. Species diversity and plant community composition changes over time were assessed using multivariate analysis and indicator species analysis. Comparisons between the restored and unrestored areas of the dune slacks were also made. Ellenberg Indicator Values (EIVs) were examined to identify potential environmental drivers of post management successional changes. After 18 years a species rich and diverse dune slack community exists. This is absent from the unrestored area. The establishment of species occurred rapidly in the first three years, followed by continued but slower increases in species richness and diversity. This is due to the addition of new species without losses of established species. EIVs show no significant difference over time suggesting the restored areas are still at an early stage of succession. Distinct stages of community change since restoration are characterised by different indicator species. Plants are likely to be largely recruited from an existing seed bank. Restoration by turf removal may be suitable for other low nutrient, species rich habitats dependent upon fluctuating groundwater levels.

Primulina guarouba, a new species from the limestone area of northern Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. According to the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analysis, it nests in a strongly supported clade (BP = 99%) that includes P. cordifolia, P. repanda and P. huangii. Of these, P. guarouba is similar to the P. cordifolia in morphology, but it is easily distinguished from the latter by some of the distinct characters in leaf blade, peduncles, bracts, calyx, corolla, pistil.

A new species of Chlorophytum is described and illustrated in this article. Morphological, root anatomical, pollen and molecular features were compared with its allied species C. laxum R. Br. which has apiculate anther, lanceolate bract, 16-18 nerved flat leaf and ellipsoid pollen with contrast to obtuse anther, ovate bract, 11-13 nerved conduplicate leaf and ovoid pollen. The molecular features too compliment the differences.

Peperomia (Piperaceae) is a Pantropical genus with approximately 1,700 species, distributed mainly in the Neotropics. In this study, three new species of Peperomia, P. bahiensis, P. ilheusensis and P. mendanhensis belong to subg. Multipalmata are described for the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps and an identification key for the species are provided. Keywords: Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Piperales, Neotropics.

A new heterotrophic dinoflagellate, Protoperidinium vietnamicum sp. nov. was described from the coastal waters of Viet Nam. It is characterized by its elongation, pentagonal to pyriform body in ventral or dorsal view, and moderately dorsoventrally compressed. Epitheca is tapering into a robust apical horn and shorter than antapical horns. Cingulum equatorial, slightly descending. Sulcus wide, shallow, and slightly oblique. Plate 1’ is ortho-type, and intercalary 2a and 3a plates are pentagonal. Plate 1a is quadrangular, and its area is approximately triple times smaller than plate 3a. A new combination is proposed, the Protoperidinium curvicorne (Böhm) comb. nov. has distinct morphological features from other members of the section Oceanica. It presents a large cell-sized species with a round, broad body, and strong dorsoventral compression. The epitheca abruptly transitions into a slender apical horn strongly tilted towards the ventral side. Cingulum is narrow, shallow, descending, and strongly inclined relative to the equatorial plane of the cell. The plate 1’ is ortho-type, and 2а and 3а are asymmetrical and pentagonal. Both species are provided with detailed descriptions and are illustrated with line drawings, as well as with light microscopy images and SEM micrographs. In-depth discussion and comparison with similar species are presented.

The present study reports the discovery of Fimbristylis pachmarhiensis (Cyperaceae) as a new species from central India. The specimens were collected from the Pachmarhi hills located in Madhya Pradesh.To aid in the accurate identification of this species, an extensive taxonomic description, accompanied by photographic illustrations, a comparative analysis with similar species, and supplementary notes have been included. These comprehensive details serve to enhance our understanding and recognition of this newly discovered plant species.

Malaxis ybytui is proposed as a new species from the wetlands of the Campos de Altitude of the Atlantic Rainforest of South Brazil. It is described, illustrated, and compared with other similar species. The new species is recognised by its flat to slightly conduplicate leaves, densely congested inflorescence with small flowers bearing free lateral sepals and four cavities in the lip. It is similar to Malaxis cipoensis and Malaxis sertulifera, being distinguished by its vegetative and floral morphology. The species is found in the mountain’s hillside about 1500m elevation in the Serra do Araçatuba\Papanduva mountain chain. Due to the high degree of endemism in this environment, the few collection records and the anthropic pressure in the region, we infer that the species is Critically Endangered (CR).

Viola pendulipedunculata (Violaceae), a new species from Baiwan Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province in China, is described and illustrated. The new species is most similar to V. nanlingensis morphologically, but it can be easily distinguished by its narrowly oblong anterior petals (vs. spatulate anterior petals), curved and drooping peduncles (vs. erect peduncles), and seed with obvious elaiosome (vs. inconspicuous elaiosomes) and the whole plant. Our phylogenetic analysis, based on ITS sequences, confirms that the new species belongs to V. sect. Diffusae, and mostly related to V. yunnanensis in the phylogeny.

Collecting expeditions carried out in the Zamboanga Peninsula of western Mindanao led to the rediscovery of Thottea philippinensis, previously known only by a single collection made 93 years ago in the Philippines. Thus, in this paper, we provide descriptions, comments on the affinities among closely related species, an updated geographical distribution, habitat information, conservation assessment, and the first-ever published photos of living T. philippinensis in the wild. Additionally, we include notes on confirming the occurrence of T. tomentosa in the Philippine archipelago.

Gynodioecy has been identified to occur in the herbaceous polycarpic Origanum vulgare ssp. gracile growing in Tajikistan and is here described in detail for the first time. The investigated populations of O. vulgare ssp. gracile form two types of flowers, perfect and pistillate, on different individuals. In pistillate flowers, stamens are represented by staminodes. The size of many parts of the corolla and androecium of perfect flowers is significantly larger than in pistillate flowers. Four criteria have been identified that make it possible to reliably distinguish flowers of different sexual forms: the size of the corolla and its parts, the difference between calyx tube length versus corolla tube length, the position of the anthers, and the rate of development of stamens. Perfect flowers are characterized by strictly pronounced protandry. According to the pollen/ovule ratio (from 825 to 953), O. vulgare ssp. gracile is facultatively xenogamous. Hermaphrodites predominated (from 58.9% to 76.2%) in five of the investigated populations. The frequency of females in O. vulgare ssp. gracile was shown to be most dependent on annual precipitation (Bio12). Finally, we discuss the presence and distribution of gynodioecy within the genus Origanum and its adaptive significance for the existence of populations of O. vulgare ssp. gracile.