Water levels in lakes is a determinant of water availability for optimum water resources planning and ecosystem functioning. This study examines the surface water fluctuations in Kainji and Shiroro Lakes between 2008 and 2022 (14 years) using satellite altimetry. The purpose is to monitor the effect of precipitation, as an indicator of climatic variability on the water levels in the lakes considering their use for hydropower generation and flood control .From the observed values, there was no significant difference in water levels with the highest recorded at Kainji Lake as 138.84m and the lowest as 125.77m, however, there was significant difference in the  area coverage with the highest value as 1311.16km2  and lowest value as 761.15km2.Same trend was noticed for Shiroro Lake where the highest water level was 381.92m and lowest as 356.97m; there was a marked difference in area coverage with the highest area being 361.61km2 and lowest 104.36km2 . A further analysis was done to assess the spatiotemporal trend of the rainfall at the Kainji and Shiroro Lakes from rainfall data derived from TAMSAT. Using Mann Kendall (MK) and Spearman’s rho tests for the 14-year period, trend analysis for the Kainji Lake showed a slight positive trend for precipitation at a 5% significance level; with mean annual rainfall of 1137. 7mm.At the Shiroro Lake, there was no positive trend at a 5% significance level. The mean annual rainfall recorded was 1318.6m. Key Words: Precipitation, Significance level, Mann Kendall, Rainfall, Trend

The scientific debate on the existence of possible precursors before large earthquakes has been wide and brought to not univocal conclusions. One observable alone is clearly insufficient to provide indications on the criticality of the seismic fault status. In particular, it’s fundamental to investigate how critical is the accumulation of stress on a seismogenic fault and how we can predict an incoming earthquake. Considering that the Earth is a complex system in which the geo-layers (lithosphere, atmosphere and ionosphere) interact, it seems possible to understand better the Earth’s system if we study it as a whole. This requires an integration of observations and data from several sources and instruments, from ground data to remote sensing satellites. Despite the technical obstacles, several works have been done in this direction in the last years, and they seem to confirm firstly that the geo-layers show alterations (i.e., anomalies) before earthquake occurrence; secondly, it seems that several mechanisms of coupling are possible. This last point is the present research topic, as further clarifications are required.In the presentation, several examples of couplings before the earthquakes will be shown; for example, the recent investigation of the Lushan (China) 2013 earthquake, which shows three possible couplings by different geophysical mechanisms at very different times before the earthquake (130 days, 45 days, and 2 weeks).For the more recent seismic event, it is possible to investigate the ionosphere layer with the precious data from China Seismo Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01), by its instruments such as Langmuir probes and magnetometers. The integration of CSES and ESA Swarm data allows us to define better the ionospheric disturbances possibly related to earthquake occurrence. These cases include Mw = 7.5 Indonesia 2018, Mw = 7.6 Papua New Guinea 2019, Mw = 7.7 Jamaica 2020 or Mw = 7.8 Turkey 2023 earthquakes.Finally, we are still far from predicting earthquakes but several steps toward a better understanding of the phenomena eventually associated with seismic events seem to be not far.