While the effects of volcanism on Earth’s climate are well understood, the volcano-ice sheet system hosts a two-way feedback. Volcanic activity promotes ice melting, which in turn affects the internal dynamics of the magma chamber below. At present, accurate forecasts of sea-level rise hinge on the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and thus require consideration of subglacial volcano-deglaciation feedbacks. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet, grounded below sea-level, is particularly vulnerable to collapse, yet its position atop an active volcanic rift is seldom considered. Ice unloading raises the geotherm and alters the crustal stress field, impacting dike propagation. However, the consequences on internal magma chamber dynamics and thus long-term eruption behavior remain elusive. Given potential for unloading-triggered volcanism in West Antarctica to accelerate ice retreat, we adapt the thermomechanical magma chamber model of Scholz et al. (2023) for West Antarctic Rift basalts, simulating a shrinking ice load through a prescribed decrease of lithostatic pressure. Examining different unloading scenarios, we investigate the impacts on volatile partitioning within the magma and eruptive trajectory across a wide range of initial magma chamber conditions. Pressurization of a magma chamber beyond a critical threshold results in eruption, delivering enthalpy to the ice. Considering the removal of km-thick ice sheets, we demonstrate the rate of unloading is dominant in influencing the cumulative mass erupted and consequently, heat released to the ice. These findings provide fundamental insights into the complex volcano-ice interactions in West Antarctica and other subglacial volcanic settings.

Multicollector noble gas mass spectrometry has yielded significant improvements in the precision of 40Ar/39Ar age determinations over the last decade [1,2]. We report initial results from the new Isotopx NGX mass spectometer at the WiscAr Laboratory that is equipped with 9 Faraday detectors and 1 ion counting multiplier. The NGX utilizes Isotopx’s ATONA® amplifier technology, enabling measurements spanning a dynamic range from below 10−16 A to above 10−9 A [3]. Moreover, the WiscAr NGX offers the unique opportunity to evaluate instrument performance using both a conventional, and a newer low temperature, Nier-type ion source, which allows for trap current variation. We have performed a series of tests to: (1) assess optimal measurement and integration times for blanks, baselines, and air aliquots of various sizes, (2) quantify the NGX sensitivity via measurements of first principle 40Ar/39Ar standards fused with a CO2 laser, and (3) compare the sensitivity and effects on instrument background between the conventional and new low temperature Nier-type sources. Initial results suggest that for most samples optimal precision is achieved when using 10 second integration times for measurements lasting 400-600 seconds. Measurements of low 36Ar signals are optimized with longer integration and measurement times. In addition to measurement optimization experiments, we performed a comparative analysis of both fusion and incremental heating data obtained using the WiscAr Nu Instruments Noblesse, MAP 215-50, and the NGX for a variety of geologic materials which range in age from Pleistocene to Permian. Pychron software [4] controls the entire NGX analytical system, including data collection and reduction. Careful experiment design in this automated system, when informed by optimized counting practices and knowledge of collector sensitivity, can lead to high precision 40Ar/39Ar dates. [1] Jicha et al. (2016), Chemical Geology 431, 54–66 [2] Mark et al. (2009), Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 10 [3] Cox et al. (2020), Geochron. Discuss, 2020-1. [4] Ross J., 2019, NMGRL/pychron v18.2, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3237834.

The rhyolite-producing Laguna del Maule volcanic field (LdMVF) records magma-induced surface inflation rates of ~ 25 cm/year since 2007. During the Holocene, ~60 meters of cumulative surface uplift is recorded by paleoshorelines of the Laguna del Maule, located on the southeast edge of the LdMVF (Chile-Argentina border) near the Barrancas volcanic complex. Rhyolites from the Barrancas complex erupted over ~14 ka including some of the youngest (1.4 ± 0.6 ka) lava flows in the field. New gravity data collected on the Barrancas complex reveals a Bouguer low (-6 mGal, Barrancas anomaly) that is distinct from the pronounced gravity low (-19 mGal; Lake anomaly) associated with present-day deformation and magma intrusion to the north. Three-dimensional inversion of the Barrancas anomaly indicates the presence of a magma body with a maximum density contrast of -250 kg/m3 centered at a depth of ~ 3 km below surface. Comparison of model densities with measured densities from nearby silicic plutons suggest that a magma body, containing < 30 % melt phase and a low volatile content, exists beneath the Barrancas complex. The Barrancas and Lake gravity lows represent magma in different physical states, associated with past and present-day storage beneath the LdMVF. The gravity model mirrors existing geochemical observations which independently indicate that at least two distinct rhyolites were generated and stored as discrete magma bodies within the broader LdMVF. Small temperature changes of these discrete bodies could reverse crystallization and viscous lock-up and propel magma toward a crystal-poor eruptible state.