Therapy-related mixed phenotype acute leukemia in a pediatric survivor
of Ewing sarcoma with a novel RUNX1-TAF3 fusion: A case report and
review of the literature
Abstract
Increasing treatment intensity for pediatric Ewing sarcoma (ES) has
improved survival, but comes with an increased incidence of secondary
malignancy. Here, we describe a case of therapy-related mixed phenotype
acute leukemia (t-MPAL), T-myeloid type, in a pediatric patient four
years after completion of therapy for ES. Genomic evaluation revealed a
novel and likely pathogenic RUNX1-TAF3 fusion. This patient did not
respond to T-cell leukemia-directed therapy, and while he initially
responded to myeloid leukemia-directed therapy, he never achieved
complete remission and died of disease 10 months after diagnosis. Here,
we present this case and review prior literature regarding t-MPAL.