Patient with Down Syndrome and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
with sustained remission despite only partial British R3 chemotherapy
Abstract
Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with high minimal residual
disease (MRD) after reinduction has poor prognosis. ALL patients with
Down syndrome (DS) have a higher rate of relapse and treatment related
mortality. We describe a DS and ALL patient with late bone marrow
relapse who was treated per British ALL R3 reinduction chemotherapy. His
therapy was discontinued due to severe systemic infections. The patient
remained in remission for approximately two years without further
treatment. We hypothesize that the sustained remission is attributed to
chemotherapy combined with increased cortisol production and cytokine
release as a result of systemic stress from infections.