Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoalbuminemia is frequently observed in patients with
SARS-CoV-2 infection although its underlying mechanism and relationship
with clinical outcome still need to be clarified. METHODS We
retrospectively evaluated in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at the
Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital in Milan, the prevalence of
hypoalbuminemia, its association with the severity of COVID-19, with the
levels of C-reactive protein, d-dimer and interleukin-6 and with
clinical outcome over a follow-up period of 30 days. Urinalysis was
evaluated in a subgroup of patients. RESULTS Serum albumin levels
< 30 g/L were found in 105/207 (50.7%) patients at hospital
admission. Overall, the median albumin value was 29.5 g/L (IQR 25-32.8).
A negative association was found between albumin levels and severity of
COVID-19 (p<0.0001) and death (p=0.003). An inverse
correlation was observed between albumin and both C-reactive protein and
D-dimer at hospital admission (r = -0.487 and r = -0.479, respectively;
p< 0.0001). Finally, a positive correlation was found between
albumin levels and eGFR (r= 0.137; p=0.049). Proteinuria was observed in
75% of patients with available data and it did not differ between
patients with hypoalbuminemia and those with albumin > 30
g/L (81% and 67%, respectively; p=0.09). CONCLUSION In patients with
COVID-19 hypoalbuminemia is common and observed in quite an early stage
of pulmonary disease. It is strictly associated with inflammation
markers and clinical outcome. The common finding of proteinuria, even in
the absence of creatinine increase, indicates protein loss as a possible
biomarker of local and systemic inflammation worthwhile to evaluate
disease severity in COVID-19.