Purpose To evaluate the effect of risk factors and selected surgical methods on operative and oncological results of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) with high-risk prostate cancer (HRPC). Methods Retrospective analysis of patients, who underwent RP for HRPC from 13 urology centers between 1990 to 2019, was performed. Groups were created according to the risk factors of D’Amico classification. Patients with one risk factor were included in group 1 where group 2 consisted of patients with two or three risk factors. Results A total of 1519 patients were included in this study and 1073 (70.6%) patients assigned to group 1 and 446 (29.4%) patients to group 2. Overall (biochemical and/or clinical and/or radiological) progression rate was 12.4% in group 1 and 26.5% in group 2 (p =0.001). Surgical procedure was open RP in 844 (55.6%) patients and minimally invasive RP in 675 (44.4%) patients (laparoscopic and robot-assisted RP in 230 (15.1%) and 445 (29.3%) patients, respectively). Progression rates were similar in different types of operations (p=0.22). Progression rate was not significantly different in patients who either underwent pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) or not in each respective group. Conclusion RP alone is an effective treatment in the majority of patients with HRPC and PLND did not affect the progression rates after RP. According to the number of preoperative high-risk features, as the number of risk factors increases, there is a need for additional treatment.

Introduction: Following the Covid-19 pandemic, the face-to-face meetings are delayed to a future date , which is still not clear. However, seminars, meetings, and conferences are necessary for updating our knowledge and skills. The web-based seminars (webinars) are the solutions to this issue. This study aimed to show the participant behavior when webinars present at the Covid-19 pandemic era. Methods: Between December 2017 – July 2020, 58 webinars were broadcasted via the Uropedia, electronic library of SUST. Data of all webinars were collected with the YouTube analytics and application of the Uropedia. Data of streaming webinars included participant behaviors such as content views, engagement time, total unique attendees, average engagement time, and the number of audience to leads. Data were split into two groups; group-1 is webinars before Covid-19 (before March 2020), group-2 is the webinars during Covid-19. Results: Total broadcast time and total page view number were found to be 112.6 hours (6761 min.) and 15919, respectively. The median participant age was 40.1 years. Median content view and median engagement time were found to be 261.0 min., and 12.2 min., respectively. Comparison of two groups revealed a significant increment in the content views (group 1;134.0 range=86.0-87.0 and group 2; 414.0 range=296.0-602.0, p<0.001) and the number of the unique attendees (group 1; 18.0 range=10.0-26.0 and group 2; 57.0 range=27.0-100.0, p<0.001) following Covid-19. However, the median engagement time of the audience did not seem to change with the Covid-19 pandemic (group 1; 11.5 range=10.0-13.3 min. and group 2; 13.2 range=9.4-18.1 min., p=0.12). Conclusion: The webinars are effective ways to share information and have many advantages, including low cost, reaching the high number of audiences. Audience number and page visits seemed to increase following the Covid-19 pandemic. However, The engagement time did not seem to affect a critical attitude of the audience

Male infertility may be the result of some identifiable conditions (varicocele, cryptorchidism, hypogonadism, and genetic abnormalities), but there is no identified cause in 30-40% of infertile men. Studies show that the use of antioxidants has a beneficial effect on fertility, especially on sperm quality, and therefore recommended as a potentially effective treatment for male infertility. However, it is argued that this treatment is not based on sufficient evidence and has no effect on the rate of healthy pregnancy. Aim: In this study, two different antioxidant combinations with different doses and contents were evaluated in terms of their effect on sperm parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 122 patients diagnosed with idiopathic infertility were enrolled in our multicenter study. The patients were divided into two different groups: The first group used Proxeed Plus sachets 2x1 and the second group used Carniact Duo tablets 2x1 for six months. The total semen volume, total sperm count and concentration, motile sperm count, and morphological findings of the patients were compared at the end of the six months. The mean age of the patients participating in the study was 30.8 ± 6.05 years. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of baseline sperm count. Results: There was a significant difference between the baseline and sixth-month values of the patients using both combinations. However, no significant statistical difference was found between the groups according to the sixth-month data. Conclusion: The combinations of both antioxidants had a positive effect on sperm parameters, and the use of different doses and contents had a similar effect. Keywords: Antioxidants, Infertility, Vitamins, Spermiogram,

Aim: To evaluate risk factors associated with nocturia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with OSAS by polysomnography (PSG) and over eighteen years old evaluated retrospectively between January and December 2019. The number of nocturia episodes was assessed in the 3-day bladder diary. We analyzed age, gender, body mass index (BMI), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) scores and severity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, heart diseases in all patients. Results: A total of 124 patients with the mean age of 49.9±11.6 years (range 25–81 years) was included in the study. Ninety-two (75.8%) patients had nocturia. The mean nocturia episode of patients with nocturia was 2.41.3. To determine the factors that affect the risk of nocturia, logistic regression analysis was performed. The results revealed that patient age and BMI were found as the most effective risk factors determining nocturia (p<0.05). The odds of patient age were 1.06 (95% CI 1.01-1.11, p=0.010) times higher for patients with nocturia. Every 1 unit increase in BMI increased the risk of nocturia by 1.12. 48 patients with nocturia underwent continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy or surgical treatment. The mean nocturia epi¬sodes of these patients were 2.3±1.4 before treatment and were 1.7±2.2 after treatment. There was a significant decrease in terms of nocturia episodes (p=0.032). Although there was a significant increase in the total daily urine volume after treatment, there was a statistically decrease in total night-time urine volume at night (p=0.016 and p=0.024, respectively). Conclusion Age and BMI were risk factors associated with nocturia in patients with OSAS.