Forgotten no More -- the Role of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Heart
Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. An Echocardiographic Perspective
Abstract
While most attention in cardiovascular disease has been traditionally
focused on the morphology, function and prognostic role of the left
ventricle, during the last decade studies have raised awareness of the
crucial role that the right ventricle plays in a variety of
cardiovascular settings, including diseases primarily linked to the left
ventricle. The assessment of right ventricular performance with
conventional echocardiography is challenging. Novel echocardiographic
techniques improve the functional assessment of the right ventricle and
they showed good correlation with the gold standard represented by
cardiovascular magnetic resonance. However, there is no single
universally accepted parameter that accurately defines right ventricular
function; hence a thorough evaluation of the right ventricle needs an
integrative, multi-parametric approach. This review summarizes the
traditional and innovative echocardiographic techniques used in the
functional assessment of the right ventricle, focusing on the role of
right ventricular dysfunction in heart failure with reduced ejection
fraction and providing a perspective on recent evidence from literature.