A lentinan-loaded hydrogel with a core-shell structure in-duces
broad-spectrum resistance against plant virus by acti-vating the
expression of CML19
Abstract
Control of plant virus disease largely depends on the induced plant
defense achieved by the external application of synthetic chemical
inducers with the ability to modify defense-signaling pathways. However,
most of the molecular mechanisms underlying these chemical inducers
remain unknown. Here, we developed a lentinan-loaded hy-drogel with a
core-shell structure and discovered how it protects plants from
different virus infections. The hydrogel was synthesized by adding a
chitosan shell on the sur-face of the polyanion sodium alginate-calcium
ion-lentinan (LNT) hydrogel (SL-gel) to form CSL-gel. CSL-gel exhibits
the capacity to prolong the stable release of lenti-nan and promote
calcium ions release. Application of CSL-gel on the root of plants
induces broad-spectrum resistance against TMV, TuMV, PVX and TRV.
Further-more, RNA-seq analysis identified that the calmodulin-like
protein 19 gene (CML19) is upregulated by the sustained release of
calcium ions from the CSL-gel, and silenc-ing and overexpression of
CML19 alter the susceptibility and resistance of tobacco to TMV. Our
findings provide evidence that the novel and synthetic CSL-gel with the
sustainable release of LNT and calcium ion strongly inhibits the plant
virus infection. This study uncovers a novel mode of action by which
CSL-gel with the stable release of calcium ion triggers CML19
expression.