Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) coinfection may lead to disease progression or worsen its clinical presentation. Viral coinfections screening during blood donation is critical. Methods: To identify risk factors for coinfection among blood donors, we assessed the blood donations at the Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia da Bahia, from 2008 – 2017. We compared single infection versus coinfection, defined as individuals with two or more blood-borne viruses. A multivariable logistic regression model was performed to evaluate independent associations between characteristics of donors with single infection and multiple infection using “non-infection” category as reference. Results: Among 777,446 collected blood donations, 27,458 (3.5%) were reactive, most (n=26,677, 97.6%) for a single infection and 681 (2.4%) for coinfection. The most frequent coinfections were HBV-HIV (30.6%), HBV-HCV (30.4%), and HBV-HTLV (24.4%). Male sex, lower education, being single, and being a first-time donor were independently associated with both single and coinfection. Nevertheless, the adjusted odds for risk factors of coinfection were notably higher than for single infection. Conclusions: Single and coinfection shared identical risks, but they were significantly higher for coinfection. Preventive strategies addressing the identified risks can decrease transmission of blood-borne viruses via blood transfusion.

Background and Purpose: The Covid-19 is a viral infection classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. There is not currently therapy against the Sars-cov-2. We aimed to assess the best drug therapy approach for the management of Covid-19. Experimental Approach: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of drugs used in patients with Covid-19. We performed research in the PubMed and the Medrxiv. The trials were included if the patients were over 12 years old, diagnosed through the rt-PCR test and who assessed as primary outcomes or decreased mortality, or time to clinical improvement, or hospitalization time. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool individual studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using I². The review has been registered on PROSPERO, number 179879. Key Results: Nine trials were included for analysis. Remdesivir, mainly early after the onset of symptoms, led to a reduction in mortality (OR, 0·85; 95% CI, 0·05 to 0·98; P=0·045). Although this meta-analysis did not observe a reduction using dexamethasone, the Recovery Trial indicates that it can be an option for a patient that needs oxygen support. Our study did not demonstrate the efficacy of any treatment to minimize the effects of Covid-19 related to large hospital stay or time to clinical improvement. Conclusion and Implications: Remdesivir is the only drug that can change the course of Covid-19, reducing mortality rates. Despite this result, other studies must evaluate the effectiveness of this and other drugs in the management of Covid-19 mainly studies with robust methods.