Background: This study aims to evaluate the impact of type 2 diabetes on pulmonary tuberculosis immune response. Methods: The tuberculosis diagnosis was based on the sputum smear and positivity of culture, whereas type 2 diabetes was diagnosis based on fasting blood sugar, 2-h PG, and glycated haemoglobin. Standardized techniques were used to obtain liver enzymes and lipid profiles whereas ELISA cytokine assay system was used to measured plasma cytokines levels. Results: fasting blood glucose (p<0.0001), 2hPG (p = 0.0097) and Glycated haemoglobin percentage (p <0.0001) in TB patients with diabetes were found to be significantly high as compare with TB patients without diabetes. While total cholesterol (p= 0.0093), serum triglycerides (p= 0.0001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p= 0.0086), were significantly high among Tb with diabetes, whereas High density lipoprotein cholesterol found to be significantly (p = 0.0002) elevated among TB patients without diabetes. TB and diabetes linked with increase concentration of Th1 (IFN-γ and TNF-α), Th17 (IL-17A) and Treg cytokines. The systemic levels of analysed cytokines show a positive increase associated with the HbA1c levels among TB patients except with IL-6 where there was no association with glycated haemoglobin. A significantly increased association was found between IL-22 and IFN-γ plasmatic levels. Conclusion: Our study shows an increase in characterized TB diabetics patients in cytokine response, signalizing that type 2 diabetes potentially participate in chronic inflammation that increases pathology and low control of tuberculosis.

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS), also name as Streptococcus agalactiae, is a gram-positive bacterium know for it capacity to colonises the vaginal and rectal areas of the mother and is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility of GBS colonization among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Dschang District Hospital. Methods: This hospital-base cross-sectional study targeted pregnant women population attending hospitals for routine prenatal testing using a multistage sampling method. Pregnant women at 23.46 ± 6.44 weeks gestation completed a questionnaire and vaginal swabs were obtained for GBS analysis. Data were analysed using chi-squared (χ2) test or the Fisher’s exact test when appropriate and the multivariable logistic regression models. Results: The colonisation rate of GBS among pregnant women was 8.69%. Induce abortion (odds ratio [CI] = 3.09, 95% [1.56-6.21]), Spontaneaous abortions (OR= 2.82, 95% CI 1.14-7.29), Stillborn (OR [CI] = 7.75, 95% [2.61-21.71]), Fever (OR [CI] = 0.37, 95% [0.19-0.71]) and anemia (OR [CI] = 0.22, 95% [0.12-0.43]) were found to be influencing factors associated with GBS colonisation. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that none of the studied factors were significantly associated with GBS colonisation. Further longitudinal research is needed to establish the causal relationship and its biological mechanisms. Keys words: Group B Streptococcus, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Pregnant Women