Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between umbilical cord blood neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and neonatal diseases, such as acute kidney injury. Materials and Method: The neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels were measured in umbilical cord blood of 180 babies born in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between 2015-2016. Patients were classified according to maternal diseases, neonatal diseases, and demographic features. The obtained data were compared with umbilical cord blood neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between umbilical cord blood NGAL levels and premature rupture of membranes (p<0.05), ABO incompatibility (p<0.05), meconium aspiration syndrome (p<0.001), ventricular septal defect (p<0.001), and breech presentation birth (p<0.001). Conclusion: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin can be useful as a diagnostic biomarker in the evaluation of maternal and neonatal diseases. However, further studies on larger patient populations are needed.