Synthesis, Molecular Structure, Spectroscopic analysis, and Biological
activities of new 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives: A combined
experimental, and theoretical study
Abstract
The present work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of four
hydrazone derivatives. The structures of the synthesized compounds were
determined through spectroscopic techniques via., EI MS, &1H NMR. The
experimental results demonstrate that the obtained compounds
successfully synthesize and screened for DPPH free radical scavenging
activity, ferrous ion-chelating activity, ferric ion reducing activity,
total antioxidant activity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity.
Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were carried out by the
Gaussian 09 package by using a hybrid density functional B3LYP (at
6-31G, 6-311G, and 6-31G++(d,p) basis sets) to investigate the
electronic, molecular structures and provide useful spectroscopic and
structural information. The computational data obtained from 1H NMR
calculations were quite compatible with the experimental results. DFT
calculations optimized the molecular geometry and estimated the highest
occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular
orbital (LUMO) energy of these compounds. Additionally, the charge
transfer within the molecule and favorable sites for the electrophilic
and nucleophilic attack was explored. Furthermore, the frontier
molecular orbital (FMO) calculations were used to calculate different
reactivity parameters, i.e., ionization potential, electron affinity,
electronegativity, chemical hardness, chemical softness, and
electrophilicity index.