Using empirical bode analysis, evaluating the delay margin of a
fractional order-PI controller in a renewable-based distributed hybrid
system
Abstract
In recent decades, renewable energy has emerged as one of the most
promising alternatives to traditional energy sources for long-term,
uninterrupted power supply. Engineers face numerous challenges when
replacing renewable energy with con ventional energy because the
characteristics of solar and wind generation rapidly fluctuates with
environmental conditions, resulting in large synchronizing imbal ances
between different units with system delays or communication delays in
large electrical grids. They want to leverage computation delay margin
to build a control mechanism that can handle a wide range of time delays
(MADB). The authors of this article concentrate on the effects of the
fractional integral order (FOI) on the stable parameter space for the
regulation of a hybrid renewable energy based dis tributed system (DGS)
in three-area AGC configuration. By altering the fractional order range,
the delay margin () can be expanded, which can help to expand the
stability region of a time delayed system. The stable parameter spaces
of the con troller are computed stability boundary based on the
fractional integral order and time delay ( ) values, and the present
authors have developed asymptotic bode plot of time delayed
Fractional-order proportional integral (FOPI) controller and computing
delay margin () using gain margin (GM) and phase margin (PM) for this
purpose. Honey badger algorithm (HBA) has been devised for fine-tuning
the above-mentioned controller parameters. The controller’s resilience
is confirmed in the presence of random load perturbations,
nonlinearities, and parameter fluctuation.