HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection has been associated with higher risk of morbidity and mortality. HBV-active antiretroviral regimens has significantly improved the outcome of coinfected people. Although bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) is safe and efficacious in the treatment of HIV, there are few randomized studies on treatment of HIV/HBV coinfection. This open label switch study enrolled adults with HIV/HBV coinfection from two clinical centers. Participants were switched from their current antiretroviral regimen (regardless of viral suppression) to B/F/TAF, taken once daily for 48 weeks. Primary endpoints were proportion of participants with HIV RNA <50 copies/mL and HBV DNA <29 IU/mL at Week 24. Twenty-eight participants were enrolled with a median age of 51 years - majority were Black (89%) and male (86%). At baseline, 71% (20/28) and 79% (22/28) were HIV and HBV suppressed, respectively, and 64% (18/28) were suppressed for both. At week 24, 89% (25/28) and 86% (24/28) were HIV and HBV suppressed, respectively, and 82% (23/28) were suppressed for both. Most common treatment-related adverse event was nausea (2/28). None discontinued due to an adverse event. No serious adverse events or hepatitis flares observed. B/F/TAF is a safe and suitable option for treatment of HIV/HBV coinfected patients.

Objective To evaluate whether there is a difference in immediate neonatal outcomes with general anesthesia (GA) vs. regional anesthesia (RA) when induction of anesthesia to delivery time (IADT) is prolonged (≥10 minutes). Methods This is a retrospective case-control study that included cases from July 2014 until August 2020. We reviewed all singleton pregnancies delivered between 24 and 42 weeks of gestation with IADT ≥ 10 minutes. The propensity score (PS) matching method was performed using baseline characteristics. Analyses were performed with SAS software version 9.4. Results During the study period, we identified 258 cases meeting inclusion criteria. After the PS matching was applied, the study sample was reduced to 60 cases in each group. The median IADT was similar between groups [41.5m (30.5,52) vs. 46m (38-53.5), p=0.2]. There was no significant difference between groups with respect to arterial cord pH [7.24 (7.21,7.26) vs. 7.23 (7.2,7.27), p=0.7]. Nor were there any associations between maternal characteristics and Apgar score at 5 minutes except Apgar score at 1 minute (p<0.001). No significant difference was identified in the rate of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) [11 (52.4) vs. 10 (47.60], p=0.8] or NICU length of stay between GA vs. RA [4(3-14) vs. 4.5(3-11), p=0.9]. Conclusion Our data indicate that with prolonged IADT, favorable neonatal outcomes are seen with both GA and RA, in contrast with previous studies performed decades ago. This underscores the need for re-appraisal of historic outcomes reflecting new modalities, techniques, and advances in the medical field.