Objectives: To study the incidence of rhabdomyolysis (RML) after ascending aortic dissection surgery and to correlate with the outcome especially in terms of renal function. The secondary objective was to pinpoint the perioperative risk factors associated with the development of Rhabdomyolysis and adverse renal outcome after Aortic dissection repair Design: Retrospective single-center study Settings: Tertiary cardiac center Participants: Patients who had undergone ascending aortic dissection repair from 2011-2017. Interventions: Two groups Group 1- with RML creatine kinase (CK) above cut-off levels 2500 U/Liter and Group 2 without RML. The potential determinants of RML and the impact of the same on the patient outcome; especially on postoperative renal function was studied. Measurements and main results: Out of 33 patients studied, 21 patients (64%) developed Rhabdomyolysis (Group RML) and 12 did not (Group non-RML). Demographic and intraoperative factors had no significant impact on the incidence of RML. There was a significantly higher incidence of AKI in the RML group (90%) than in the non-RML group (25%). All 4 patients who went into new post-operative dialysis belonged to the RML group. The peak troponin levels were significantly higher in RML group Conclusion: In this study, we found a high incidence of RML after aortic dissection surgery which paralleled with an adverse renal outcome and need for postoperative dialysis. Identification of risk factors and early intervention might help to mitigate the severity of renal failure. Further large-scale prospective trials are warranted to investigate the predisposing factors and influence of RML on outcome