Abstract
The relativistic behavior of Hydrogen-like atoms (HLAs) is investigated
in Heisenberg picture for the first time. The relativistic vibrational
Hamiltonian (RVH) is first defined as a power series of harmonic
oscillator Hamiltonian by using the relativistic energy eigenvalue . By
applying the first-order RVH (proportional to ) to Heisenberg equation,
a pair of coupled equations is turned out for the motion of electron
position and its relativistic linear momentum. A simple comparison of
the first-order relativistic and nonrelativistic equations reveals this
reality that the natural (fundamental) frequency of electron oscillation
(like entropy) is slowly raised by increasing the atomic number. The
second-order RVH (proportional to ) have then been implemented to
determine an exact expression for the electron relativistic frequency in
the different atomic energy levels. In general, the physical role of RVH
is fundamental because it not only specifies the temporal relativistic
variations of position, velocity, and linear momentum of oscillating
electron, but also identifies the corresponding relativistic potential,
kinetic, and mechanical energies. The results will finally be testified
by demonstrating the energy conservation.