Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and
mortality in the globe. Both established cardiovascular disease (eCVD)
and future CVD (fCVD) need to further explore the mechanisms. This
article briefly introduces current major studies on axis and CVD, which
were published in cardiovascular journals and non-cardiovascular
journals (Table 1 & Table 2), and brings up and discusses the new
origins of fCVD linking to major risk factors in early life due to
unhealthy “environment-sleep-emotion-exercise-diet” intervention
[E(e)SEEDi] lifestyle referred as to a “Golden Hoop Curse”, and
the “brain-heart-gut” axis—a fresh theory on novel mechanisms of
fCVD (Figure 1 & Figure 2), which are mediated by E(e)SEEDi lifestyle
and microbiome. As a new theory, the “brain-heart-gut” axis will help
us to earlier and better prevent and control both eCVD and fCVD with
healthy E(e)SEEDi lifestyle.