Diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 Cycle Threshold Value Predicts Disease Severity,
Survival and 6-month Sequelae in COVID-19 Symptomatic Patients
Abstract
Background: No pathogen-specific prognostic biomarkers are yet available
for SARS-CoV-2. We sought to assess whether SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold
value (Ct) at diagnosis may predict COVID-19 severity, clinical
manifestations and 6-month sequelae. Methods: Hospitalised and
outpatient cases were randomly sampled from the diagnoses of March and
data collected after 6 months by interview and from the regional
database for COVID-19 emergency. Patients were stratified according to
their RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase Ct in the nasal-pharyngeal swab at
diagnosis: group A≤20.0, 20.028.0. Disease severity was classified
according to a composite scale evaluating hospital admission, worst
oxygen support required and survival. Results: One-hundred sixty-eight
survivors and thirty-two deceased patients were included: 27.5% in A
and B both, 45.0% in C. 90% of patients were symptomatic and 63.7%
were hospitalised. Median time from COVID-19 onset to swab collection
was 5 days. Lethality, number of comorbidities, disease severity, type
and amount of signs and symptoms, as well as 6-month sequelae inversely
distributed among the groups with respect to SARS-CoV-2 Ct. After
adjusting for confounding, SARS-CoV-2 Ct at diagnosis was still
associated with COVID-19-related death (p=0.023), disease severity
(p=0.023), amount of signs and symptoms (p<0.01) and presence
of sequelae (p<0.01). Conclusions: Early quantification of
SARS-CoV-2 along the course of the disease may be a useful predictive
marker to inform differential strategies of clinical management and
resource allocation.