Based on the data of COVID-19, this paper analyzes its transmission characteristics, virus characteristics, biological characteristics, etc. through data analysis and prediction. The FCSEIR model for the promotion of the equation is established, and the related simulation software is designed. Finally, using the case data in Shanghai, the research algorithm simulates and predicts the spread of the virus, so as to better analyze the entire process of the infectious disease from outbreak to control, which is conducive to relevant experts to make correct decisions on the spread of the virus.