A Systematic Review: Optimal Management Approaches for Primary Pediatric
Orbital Ewing Sarcomas
Abstract
The purpose is to detect which surgical techniques produce more
satisfactory results in isolated pediatric primary Ewing sarcomas of the
orbital pyramid. In addition to this primary purpose, initial symptoms
in order of prevalence, behavioral traits of the tumors mentioned above,
and diagnostic challenges have been discussed. By conducting an
extensive search through the central databases of PubMed/Medline, Web of
Science, and Cochrane, we have identified a limited number of 50 cases
involving pediatric primary Ewing sarcomas. These cases encompass tumors
originating within the orbital cavity and those extending from adjacent
bony structures or paranasal sinuses . The exclusion criteria
comprised adults aged 19 years or older, cases of primitive
neuroectodermal tumors or neuroblastoma, and individuals diagnosed
through autopsy. The mean age was recorded as 10.26 years. The
male-to-female ratio was 1.45:1. The swelling and exophthalmos were the
most prevalent presentation, followed by nasal-related signs and
symptoms such as blockage or discharges, whether they were clear,
turbid, or bloody rhinorrhea. The involvement of the right and left
sides displayed no significant disparity. Among the infiltration sites,
the orbital roof presented the highest level of complexity, whereas the
erosion levels of the floor, lateral, and medial walls were nearly
equivalent. The tumor infiltrated the whole of the orbital cavity in
just two cases. The prevailing methods employed by reconstructive
surgeons throughout the 74-year review consisted primarily of
frontotemporal craniotomy, with or without orbitozygomatic osteotomy,
followed by anterior orbitotomy. Although rare, the primary Ewing
sarcoma of the orbit tends to present with proptosis or prominence and
affects the superolateral walls of the orbit. The pediatric population
may not express pain; exophthalmos and tissue swelling were the most
typical manifestations. Furthermore, based on the relative prevalence of
orbital roof involvement, more frontotemporal surgical approaches were
documented in the literature. Level of Evidence: III. Type of Study:
Systematic review.