China experienced heavy aerosol pollution in recent years. The aerosol pollution might change surface solar radiation and impact the land carbon cycle in China. Therefore, we combined the MODIS Atmosphere and Land products with process-based model to evaluate the sensitivity of GPP to AOD in different spectral bands under all-sky and cloudless conditions and the effects of current aerosol loadings on GPP at site level. Our results indicated that the radiative effects of aerosols on GPP varied with the vegetation type, which is consistent with other studies. We also found that the radiative effects of aerosols on GPP varied with the spectral bands. Cloud restrains the effects of aerosols on growth of plants. Current aerosol loadings fertilized the growth in two forest growth and slightly impede the growth of grass. The results in this paper could be help to fully understand the influences of aerosol on land carbon cycle.