Modelling Root Water Uptake and Soil Moisture Dynamics under Saline
Water Conditions
Abstract
Agriculture sector is a major consumer of available fresh water.
Increasing demand for fresh water in the various sectors has
necessitated the use of treated waste water for irrigation. This water
has marginal amount of salts which are known to affect the soil
properties and crop growth. Hence a scientific approach is necessary to
model the moisture uptake by plant roots under varying saline
conditions. A numerical model is developed for solving the one
dimensional Richards equation for moisture movement in variably
saturated vadose zone. The root water uptake is incorporated in the
model as the sink term as per the Ojha and Rai (1996) model, which is a
non-linear root water uptake model. Combined water and salinity stress
in the root water uptake is incorporated as per Feddes et al. (1978) and
Mass and Hoffman (1977). Effect of varying salinity concentrations on
the water uptake by plant roots and soil moisture dynamics in the root
zone is studied on a 40 day period of crop growth. This is attained by
providing fresh water and saline water irrigation with 15, 30 and 50
dS/m electrical conductivity. Irrigation field experiments of winter
wheat crop were carried out to measure the crop parameters used in the
analysis like leaf area index and root depth. The analysis to study the
effect of salinity on soil water retention (SWR), hydraulic parameters
and plant root water uptake was performed for silt loam (fine textured)
and sandy loam (coarse textured) soils. The results show that the roots
extract water at potential rate with fresh water, with no water uptake
in the case of higher salinity as osmotic stress reaches permanent
wilting phase. Overall, the root water uptake reduces as the
concentration of salinity increases, even if there is no water stress.
However, water stress was encountered at an earlier time in the case of
sandy loam soil than in the case of silt loam. As the water content
falls below the available moisture content, the water uptake is affected
by water stress, which affects the growth and yield of crops. The
results obtained from the study are useful in the better management of
available water resources for irrigation practices in crop production.