The role of substrate identity on microbial processing of low molecular
weight organics in soil solution
Abstract
Microbial processing of fresh carbon inputs is recognized as a key step
in the formation of mineral-associated organic matter. Low molecular
weight (LMW) compounds comprise a notable fraction of these inputs and
are rapidly assimilated and metabolized by the microbial community. In
this work, we employ ecophysiological studies of microbial isolates to
better understand the role of substrate identity as a control on
preferences, uptake kinetics, and carbon use efficiencies (CUE) across a
gradient of phylogenetic differences (gram negative, gram positive, and
fungal). Soil-extracted, solubilized organic matter (SESOM) derived from
the Oa horizon of a hemlock-hardwood forest stand and synthetic media
based off of this extract were chosen as liquid media for batch growth
studies. A combination of exometabolomic techniques (1H NMR, UHPLC-MS)
were used to quantify 35 LMW substrates in the original extract (0.4 –
195 μM), comprising 19.5% of total C and 39.9% of total N. Consumption
of these substrates by microbial isolates accounted for a substantial
amount of total C and N assimilated during growth, representing 43-75%
and 58-74%, respectively. Time resolved sampling allowed modeling of
sigmoidal uptake curves and the comparison of the midpoint of
consumption (Th, hr) and 90% usage windows (ranging from 0.18 – 2.29
hr). Complementary experiments were conducted using synthetic media with
all substrates at equimolar concentrations (25 μM) to better constrain
the impact of initial concentration. We use stable isotope probing to
determine CUE for five different LMW substrates of interest (glucose,
acetate, formate, glycine, and valine). Ultimately, we are interested in
whether unifying trends can be observed across the physiological
gradient and how the metabolic transformations of these inputs may
impact the organo-mineral formation process.