Correlation-Cutoff Method for Covariance Localization in Strongly
Coupled Data Assimilation
Abstract
Due to its inherent ability to estimate the background error
covariances, an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is thought to be a
practical approach to the strongly coupled data assimilation problems,
where an entire coupled model state is estimated as if it was a single
integrated system. However, increased complexity and the multiple time
scale of the coupled system aggravate the rank-deficiency and spurious
correlation problems caused by limited ensemble size available for the
analysis. To alleviate these problems, a distance-independent
localization method to systematically select the observations to be
assimilated into each model variable has been developed and successfully
tested with a nine-variable coupled model with slow and fast modes. This
method, called correlation-cutoff method, utilizes the mean squared
ensemble error correlation between each observable and model variable to
identify where the cross-update should be used, and we cut off the
assimilation of observations when the squared error correlation becomes
small. To implement the method on a more realistic model, we thoroughly
investigate inter-fluid background covariances in an atmosphere-ocean
coupled general circulation model where the spatiotemporal scales of
coupled dynamics significantly vary by latitudes and driving processes.