Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by numerous changes within the sensory and motor
component of the muscle spindle pathway. To further document these
age-related changes, this study compared the characteristics of the
Hoffmann (H) reflex and M wave, evoked with several pulse durations,
between young and old adults. The H-reflex and M-wave recruitment curves
were analysed from recordings performed at rest in the flexor carpi
radialis of 12 young (21-36 yrs) and 12 old adults (62-80 yrs). For each
pulse duration (0.05-ms, 0.2-ms, and 1-ms), the maximal H-reflex
amplitude (HMAX), the associated M wave
(MHmax), and the H-reflex amplitude for a stimulus
intensity evoking an M-wave of 5% MMAX
(HM5%) were measured. The strength-duration time
constant and response threshold were estimated from the
charge/stimulus-duration relation for H reflex and M wave. The main
results indicate that varying pulse duration mainly induces similar
effect on H-reflex and M-wave recruitment curves between young and old
adults. However, regardless of pulse duration, old adults had lesser
HMAX (p = 0.029) but greater HM5%
(p<0.001) and MHmax (p<0.001). The
strength-duration time constant was lesser in old than young adults for
the H reflex (p=0.048) but not the M wave (p=0.21). The H-reflex and
M-wave response thresholds were greater in old than young adults
(p=0.003). These results suggest greater age-related changes in the
sensory than motor component of the H-reflex pathway, which may be
indicative of a greater loss of sensory than motor axons or alterations
of synapses between Ia afferents and motor neurones.