Incidence, hospitalization, and mortality in children aged five years
and younger with respiratory syncytial virus-related diseases: A
systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of
lower respiratory tract infection in young children. We aimed to analyze
the factors affecting the estimation of RSV-related disease burden, and
furthermore, to provide evidence to help establish a surveillance
system. Methods: We searched for literature published in English or
Chinese between 1 January, 2010 and 2 June, 2022. The quality of the
included articles was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research
and Quality scale. Random-effects models were used for data synthesis
and subgroup analyses. This review was registered in the Prospective
Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022372972). Results: We
included 44 studies (149,321,171 participants), all of which were of
medium or high quality. The pooled RSV-associated disease incidence,
hospitalization rate, in-hospital mortality, and overall mortality rates
in children aged 5 years and younger were 9.0% (95% confidence
interval [CI]: 7.0–11.0%), 1.68% (95% CI: 1.30–2.05%), 0.45%
(95% CI: 0.38–0.52%), and 0.05% (95% CI: 0.04–0.06%),
respectively. Age, economics, surveillance types, case definition, and
data source were all influencing factors. Conclusions: A standardized
and unified RSV surveillance system is required. Case definition and
surveillance types should be fully considered for surveillance of
different age groups.