Decellularized periosteum promotes guided bone regeneration via
manipulation of macrophage polarization
Abstract
Periosteum has shown potential as an effective barrier membrane for
guided bone regeneration (GBR). However, if recognized as a “foreign
body”, insertion of a barrier membrane in GBR treatment will inevitably
alter the local immune microenvironment and subsequently influence bone
regeneration. The aim of this investigation was to fabricate
decellularized periosteum (DP) and investigate its immunomodulatory
properties in GBR. DP was successfully fabricated from periosteum from
the mini-pig cranium. In vitro experiments indicated that the DP
scaffold modulated macrophage polarization toward a pro-regenerative M2
phenotype, which in turn facilitated migration and osteogenic
differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. A rat GBR
model with a cranial critical-size defect was established, and our in
vivo experiment confirmed the beneficial effects of DP on the local
immune microenvironment and bone regeneration. Collectively, the
findings of this study indicate that the prepared DP possesses
immunomodulatory properties and represents a promising barrier membrane
for GBR procedures.