Effect of gut flora mediated-bile acid metabolism on intestinal immune
microenvironment
Abstract
According to reports, gut microbiota and metabolites regulate intestinal
immune microenvironment. In recent years, an increasing number of
studies reported that bile acids (BAs) of intestinal flora origin
affects T helper cells and Treg cells. Th17 cells play a
pro-inflammatory role and Treg cells usually act an immunosuppressive
role. In this review, we emphatically summarized the influence and
corresponding mechanism of different configurations of the LCA and DCA
on intestinal Th17 cells, Treg cells and intestinal immune
microenvironment. The regulation of BAs receptors G protein-coupled bile
acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1/TGR5) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) on immune
cells and intestinal environment are elaborated. Furthermore, the
potential clinical applications above were also concluded in three
aspects. These above will help researchers better understand the effects
of gut flora on the intestinal immune microenvironment via BAs and
contribute to the development of new targeted drugs.