Using nine years of full-depth profiles from 55 Deep Argo floats in the Southwest Pacific Basin collected between 2014 and 2023, we find consistent warm anomalies compared to a long-term climatology below 2000 m ranging between 11\(\pm\)2 to 34\(\pm\)2m\(^o\)C, most pronounced between 3500 and 5000 m. Over this period, a cooling trend is found between 2000-4000 m and a significant warming trend below 4000 m with a maximum rate of 4.1\(\pm\)0.31 m\(^o\)C yr\(^{-1}\) near 5000 m, with a possible acceleration over the second half of the period. The integrated Steric Sea Level expansion below 2000 m was 7.9\(\pm\) 1 mm compared to the climatology with a trend of 1.3\(\pm\) 1.6 mm dec\(^{-1}\) over the Deep Argo era, contributing significantly to the local sea level budget. We assess the ability to close a full Sea Level Budget, further demonstrating the value of a full-depth Argo array.

Turbulent mixing in the ocean is often parameterized in terms of the downscale energy transfer by internal waves. Expressed in terms of the vertical wavenumber spectrum of oceanic velocity shear ($V^2_z $) and isopycnal strain ($ \zeta^2_z $), the “finescale parameterization” relies on several parameters, including key assumptions relating to the spectral properties. Here we use an unsupervised learning model to identify spatial correlations between embedded parameters of the finescale parameterization based upon data from 1875 full-depth hydrographic profiles from 15 sections traversing the global ocean. The clustered patterns along the sections have marked horizontal and vertical spatial dependence associated with distinct modes of spectral variation. Two clustered regions are identified where the underlying spectra deviate significantly from the canonical Garrett-Munk (GM) spectrum, suggesting potential departures from implicit assumptions about the downscale energy cascade. Spectral composites in these two regions show intensification of variance in the low and high wavenumber regimes respectively, as well as distinction in overall spectral levels and geographic prevalence. Furthermore, these clusters are found to be associated with regions where parameterized estimates of the turbulent dissipation rate $\epsilon$ differ significantly (exceeding a factor of 5) from co-located in-situ observations measured using $\chi$-pod temperature microstructure. Extending the methodology to other hydrographic datasets has the potential to reveal reasons for this parameterization bias and to identify the dynamical underpinnings leading to more robust parameterizations of oceanic turbulent mixing.ere