JSCNASA

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Hi, we’re Bernadette Woods Placky and Brian Kahn from Climate Central and Carl Parker, a hurricane specialist from the Weather Channel. The last 11 12 months in a row have been some of the most abnormally warm months the planet has ever experienced and are toeing close to the 1.5°C warming threshold laid out by the United Nations laid out as an important climate milestone. We’ve been keeping an eye on the record-setting temperatures as well as some of the impacts from record-low sea ice to a sudden April meltdown in Greenland to coral bleaching in the Great Barrier Reef. We’re here to answer your questions about the global warming hot streak the planet is currently on, where we’re headed in the future and our new Twitter hashtag for why these temperatures are #2hot2ignore. We will be back at 3 pm ET to answer your questions, Ask us anything! UPDATE: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration released their April global temperature data this afternoon. It was the hottest April on record. Despite only being four months into 2016, there’s a 99 percent chance this will be the hottest year on record. Some food for thought. UPDATE #2: We’ve got to head out for now. Thank you all for the amazing questions. This is a wildly important topic and we’d love to come back and chat about it again sometime. We’ll also be continuing the conversation on Twitter using the hashtag #2hot2ignore so if we didn’t answer your question (or you have other ones), feel free to drop us a line over there. Until next time, Carl, Bernadette and Brian
Greetings Reddit! I am Anthony (Tony) Noce, the current Chair of the ACS Committee on Environmental Improvement (http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/about/governance/committees/cei.html). I have more than 27 years of experience in environmental chemistry and environment health and safety (EH&S) consulting, with a focus on global EH&S compliance as well as due diligence and integration services. I am currently a Principal Consultant with Haley & Aldrich, Inc. (http://www.haleyaldrich.com/) where I work with clients to help control and mitigate their operational risk, particularly in the EH&S arena, while building their business. I have firsthand experience on how scientists and related professionals can lend their perspectives to policy. The Committee on Environmental Improvement works at the crossroads of science and policy, helping to leverage the chemical community’s awareness of and response to sustainability challenges. We help the American Chemical Society’s members articulate policy statements on environmentally facing issues such as chemical risk assessment, climate change, and various energy and water sources. You can read my ACS Comment published yesterday in Chemical & Engineering News entitled “TSCA reform and changing our practice of chemistry” here: http://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i20/TSCA-reform-changing-practice-chemistry.html?h=-1691421665 I really enjoyed doing this, and hope that you enjoyed it as well. Thank you for all the questions. I got through as many as I could in the time allowed. I plan to come back later today or tomorrow if I can. Who knows, maybe they’ll even invite me back. All the best!

Chris-Jones

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Hello Reddit! I’m Chris Jones, BBSRC Future Leader Fellow at Rothamsted Research in the UK. At 14 I wanted to be a soccer player. At 32 I am not a soccer player but instead spend my time attaching insects to pieces of wire. How did this come to pass? Biologist? Molecular entomologist? Molecular ecologist? It’s hard to know what box I tick. But what I do know is that I am interested in researching the genetic basis of the fascinating migrations of insects, and more specifically, insects of agricultural importance. Every year billions of insects take to the skies migrating vast distances to find suitable habitats in which to breed. Forgoing food and reproduction, these journeys are arduous and risky, but the rewards are high. These migrations are often multi-generational - in other words - the offspring inherently know when and where to go. But what is the genetic programme that drives this behaviour? What are the genes involved? And how can we study this in the lab? The goal of my research is to understand the ‘migratory gene package’ in greater detail. So go ahead. Ask me anything. I will be back at 4pm BST. In the meantime you are welcome to find out more about me and my work in a blog entry I recently wrote for Rothamsted Research’s ‘A day in the life of a Research Scientist’http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/day-life-dr-chris-jones blog series. I’ll be back at 11 am ET to answer your questions, ask me anything! POST-AMA Hi all, it’s 6pm and time to catch what’s left of the UK spring evening. Thanks for all your questions on insect migration. Some really good questions. Thoroughly enjoyed it! Sorry I haven’t answered everything. I will come back and answer a few more tomorrow. If you are interested more in the work I/we do here in the Insect Migration Group at Rothamsted then please find our contact info in the usual places. Enjoy the rest of your Monday folks. All the best.

Prion_Alliance

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Hi Reddit! In 2010, we watched Sonia’s mom die of a rapid, mysterious neurodegenerative disease that baffled her doctors. After her death, we learned that it had been a genetic prion disease, and Sonia was at 50/50 risk. We got genetic testing and learned, in late 2011, that Sonia had inherited the lethal mutation, meaning that unless a treatment or cure is developed, she’s very likely to suffer the same fate, probably by about age 50. After learning this information, we abandoned our old careers in law and city planning, and threw ourselves headfirst into re-training as scientists. Four years later, we’re both Harvard biology PhD students, and we work side-by-side Stuart Schreiber’s lab at the Broad Institute, where we are researching therapeutics for prion disease. A husband and wife’s race to cure her fatal genetic disease, Kathleen Burge, Boston Globe Magazine, February 17, 2016 Insomnia that kills, Aimee Swartz, The Atlantic, February 5, 2015 Computer scientist makes prion advance, Erika Check Hayden, Nature News, October 2, 2014 A prion love story, D.T. Max, The New Yorker, September 27, 2013 We’ll be back at 1 pm EST (10 am PST, 6 pm UTC) to answer your questions, ask us anything! Update: Hi Reddit, we’re going to officially sign off but just wanted to say thank you so much. Four and half years ago, we never would have imagined people taking such an interest in our cause, or our career changes, or this uphill battle we are fighting. It’s humbling to have so many people out there pulling for us. Hopefully this story has many chapters to come. Thank you!

NIHDirector

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Hi reddit! I am Francis Collins, Director of the National Institutes of Health where I oversee the work of the largest supporter of biomedical research in the world, spanning the spectrum from basic to clinical research. In my role as the NIH Director, I oversee the NIH’s efforts in building groundbreaking initiatives such as the BRAIN Initiative, the Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Initiative, the Precision Medicine Initiative Cohort Program, and the Vice President’s Cancer Moonshot program. In addition to these programs, my colleagues and I work to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce, improve scientific policy with the aim to improve the accuracy of outcomes, continue NIH’s commitment to basic science, and increase open access to data. Happy DNA Day! We’ve come a long way since the completion of the Human Genome Project. Researchers are now collaborating on a wide range of projects that use measures of environmental exposure, social and behavioral factors, and genomic tools and technologies to expand our understanding of human biology and combat human disease. In particular, these advances in technology and our understanding of our DNA has allowed us to envision a future where prevention and treatment will be tailored to our personal circumstances. The President’s Precision Medicine Initiative, being launched this year, will enroll one million or more Americans by 2019, and will enable us to test these exciting ideas in the largest longitudinal cohort study ever imagined in the U.S. Proof! I’ll be here April 25, 2016 from 11:30 am - 12:15 pm ET. Looking forward to answering your questions! Ask Me Anything! Edit: Thanks for a great AMA! I’ve enjoyed all of your questions and tried to answer as many as I could! Signing off now.

Andrey_Rzhetsky

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Hi Reddit, My name is Lisa Jones-Engel and I am a Senior Research Scientist at the University of Washington. For nearly two decades my research team has focused on the infectious agents that are transmitted at the increasingly porous human-primate interface in Asia. And my name is Stacey Schultz-Cherry and I am a Full Member (Professor) at St Jude Children’s Research Hospital where my research focuses on the pathogenesis of influenza virus and enteric viruses, like Astroviruses, especially in high-risk populations. My name is Erik Karlsson and I am a Postdoctoral Research Associate at St Jude Children’s Research Hospital where my research focuses on host factors, especially nutrition, that affect the pathogenesis and evolution of influenza virus and enteric viruses. My name is Christopher Small and I am the Head Data Scientist at pol.is a startup applying data visualization and machine learning to making sense of large scale conversations. I also do distributed systems and web app development consulting as ThoughtNode Software. Before all that, I worked with Erick Matsen at Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, studying metagenomics and molecular viral epidemiology. Astroviruses are leading causes of diarrhea in children under the age of 2, immune-compromised populations and the elderly. You can get them from infected people but also through contaminated food and water. They also appear to be causing encephalitis in high-risk populations. Although we knew that Astroviruses were found in lots of different birds and animals, we never thought human viruses could infect animals or vice versa. We thought infections were species-specific (i.e. only human viruses could infect humans). That changed in 2009 when we began finding viruses in humans that were genetically more similar to animal viruses. That’s where our recent publication titled “Non-Human Primates Harbor Diverse Mammalian and Avian Astroviruses Including Those Associated with Human Infections” in PLOS Pathogens provided important new data. For the study, we sampled 879 urban, temple, captive and wild primates in Bangladesh and Cambodia. We found that 8% of primates were infected with diverse mammalian and avian Astroviruses, including those previously only known to infect humans. Clearly this exemplifies One Health and how infectious diseases of humans can impact animals we contact and potentially vice versa. We will be answering your questions about primates and Astroviruses at 1pm ET – Ask Us Anything!