Hi Reddit, we are Karen Swartz, M.D., a psychiatrist and founder of the Adolescent Depression Awareness Program (ADAP) at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland and Holly Wilcox, PhD, a public health researcher at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health who led the randomized controlled trial to evaluate ADAP’s effectiveness in high schools. We are excited to discuss the importance of depression education and high school students and the potential to facilitate young people receiving treatment following our program. Depression is estimated to affect over 10% of teens in the United States. In addition to interrupting functioning socially, academically, and emotionally, untreated depression dramatically increases the risk of suicide in adolescents. Recognizing and treating depression is an effective strategy for preventing suicide among teenagers. Karen and colleagues in the Department of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins developed the Adolescent Depression Awareness Program (ADAP), a three-hour curriculum to educate high school students about depression typically taught in health classes. Holly led an independent assessment of the program’s effectiveness and designed the study. In our study, schools were randomly assigned to receive the program in either year one or year two so that the effectiveness of the program could be compared between these two groups. Over 6,000 students from 54 schools in five states participated. Our study demonstrated that there is a significant change in knowledge about depression following the program; this improvement in knowledge was sustained at a four month follow-up. Importantly, 46% of teachers reported that a student spoke to them about getting help for themselves her friend following the program. Our results were published in the December 2017 issue of the American Journal of Public Health. We are excited to be working together to bring depression education to more students across the country. In addition to our ongoing expansion of the high school program, we are working to develop a new depression education program for middle school programs. We look forward to answering your questions at 1pm ET Jan 8th

Water scarcity poses a severe threat to all humankind, with rapidly growing demand pressuring already-constrained water resources, many of which are unsustainable. Figuring out where our water ends up is therefore a crucial step toward finding ways to use it more efficiently and try to ensure that we, as a species, are still around a few generations from now. Dr Neil Stacey is a young researcher previously known for best known for patented advances in bio-fuels production technology. In late 2016 he set out to use chemical engineering modeling methods to examine water usage in agriculture, which comprises 70% of all of mankind’s water consumption. Professor Diane Hildebrandt lent her considerable support to the project soon after. She is a director of UNISA’s IDEAS institute. She has been the recipient of a number of prestigious scientific awards including the Meiring Naude Medal, the Bill Neale-May Gold Medal, the Distinguished Woman Scientist Award and an AfricanUnion Scientific Award. She has been the author or co-author of over one hundred and fifty peer-reviewed scientific publications including three textbooks and an invited paper in Science. By building chemical and thermal models of greenhouses as bio-reactors, we have been able to develop fundamental insights into cause-and-effect relationships in greenhouse design and operation. We found that greenhouse operation is constrained by the necessity of supplying adequate CO2 for photosynthesis. Since CO2 is highly dilute, this constraint demands a very high air-flow through a greenhouse which in turn causes excessive water evaporation and heat losses. Consequently, providing enriched CO2 can drastically reduce the heat and water requirements of a greenhouse. In a paper currently in the final stages of review, we showed that using membrane separation to partially enrich air as a feed can cut water usage considerably. We also investigated the possibility of using power station flue gas as a source of enriched CO2. In a recent paper, we quantified the potential costs and benefits of diverting flue gases from gas-fired power stations into greenhouses, finding that this approach can achieve large-scale carbon capture without costly separation, while massively boosting agricultural output and drastically reducing water requirements. And so, we are here to field your questions as we advocate for putting greenhouse gases into actual greenhouses. We’ll be back at 12 pm ET to answer your questions, Ask Us Anything! Edit: Diane is awaiting a plane to Johannesburg, while Neil is out for a drink at South-West London’s best bar, Dutch Courage, so there will be a bit of a go-slow here until Neil is back home, around 2pm ET.

The mods of /r/philosophy are pleased to announce an upcoming AMA by Hilary Lawson, Director of the Institute of Art and Ideas, Founder of the HowTheLightGetsIn philosophy festival and Vice Chair of the LSE Forum for European Philosophy. Hilary Lawson will be joining us on Monday January 8th at 1PM EST to discuss issues in post-realist philosophy, metaphysics and his work with public philosophy. Hear it from him: Hilary Lawson Hi reddit, I’m Hilary Lawson - post-realist philosopher, director of the Institute of Art and Ideas and founder of the world’s largest philosophy and music festival HowTheLightGetsIn. Born and raised in Bristol, England, I was awarded a scholarship to study PPE at Balliol College Oxford . As a post-graduate I came to see paradoxes of self-reference as the central philosophical issue and began a DPhil on The Reflexivity of Discourse. This later became the basis for my first philosophical book Reflexivity: The Post-Modern Predicament. Alongside my more philosophical writing, I also pursued a media career following my studies. Within a few years I had created my own prime time television series ‘Where There’s Life’ with a weekly UK audience in excess of ten million. In 1982, I went on to co-author a book based on the series and was appointed Editor of Programmes and later Deputy Chief Executive at the television station TV-am. Meanwhile I continued to develop my philosophical thinking and had initial sketches of the theory later to become Closure. In 1985 I wrote Reflexivity: The Post-Modern Predicament as part of a series on modern European thought. In the book, I argued that the paradoxes of self-reference are central to philosophy and drive the writings of Nietzsche, Heidegger and Derrida. In the late 1980s I founded the production company TVF Media which made documentary and current affairs programming, including Channel 4’s flagship international current affairs programme, The World This Week. I was editor of the programme, which ran weekly between 1987 and 1991. The programme predicted the fall of the Berlin Wall, the war in Yugoslavia and the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, amongst its other laudable achievements. In the 1990s, I focused on writing Closure. It took a decade to complete and was published in 2001. The book has been described as the first non-realist metaphysics. Having begun my philosophical career as a proponent of postmodernism, latterly I became a critic arguing for the necessity of an overall framework and the need to move on from a focus on language. Closure proposes that the human condition is to find ourselves on the cusp of openness and closure. The world is open and we, along with other living organisms, are able to apprehend and make sense of it through the process of closure. I would define closure as the holding of that which is different as one and the same. Human experience is seen to be the result of successive layers of closure, which I consider to be preliminary, sensory and inter-sensory closure. The highest level of closure, inter-sensory closure realises language and thought. The theory shifts the focus of philosophy away from language and towards an exploration of the relationship between openness and closure. An important element of the theory of closure is its own self-referential character. I founded the Institute of Art and Ideas in 2008 with the aim of making ideas and philosophy a central part of cultural life. Our website IAI.tv, which posts to the sub, was launched in 2011. We then moved to publishing articles in 2013 and free philosophy courses on IAI Academy in 2014. Links of Interest: Routledge has partnered with the IAI to offer a generous 20% off all their philosophy books and a free giveaway each month. Click here for details. Tickets and lineup for HowTheLightGetsIn 2018 can be found here - discounts available for students and U25s. After the End of Truth: A debate with Hannah Dawson (KCL) and John Searle (Berkeley) on objective truth and alternative facts What Machines Can’t Do | Hilary Lawson in debate with David Chalmers (NYU) and cognitive scientist and sex robot expert Kate Devlin (Goldsmiths) on the question of machine minds After Relativism: A debate on the pitfalls of relativism and potential solutions with Simon Blackburn and Michela Massimi AMA Please feel free to post questions for Hilary Lawson here. He will look at this thread before he starts and begin with some questions from here while the initial questions in the new thread come in. Please join us in welcoming Hilary Lawson to our community!

Only 15% of the surface of the Earth is not water, desert, ice or mountain. For humans, a tropical, low altitude, air-breathing animal, this means most of the planet represents a hostile or extreme environment. Extreme environmental physiology covers a wide range of topics including: physiologically preparing groups such as elite athletes to try and maintain high level performance in hot and cold environments, using strategies such as acclimatisation; considering using altitude training and heat acclimation as ergogenic aids to enhance performance in temperate sea level conditions; determining the benefit of cross-adaptation between one extreme environment and another; protecting, via technological solutions (e.g. personal protective equipment), those who, as part of their work or play, enter extreme environments (e.g. astronauts, divers, firefighters, sailors, the military). Our habitation of the planet has been largely enabled by technological advances (clothing, shelter, heating) founded on intellect. But sometimes this technology goes wrong requiring extreme environmental research related to accidental exposures and the consequent pathophysiology of heat illness, cold injury, hypothermia; hypoxia, barotrauma and drowning. These are not just “niche issues”; forty-three people around the globe drown each hour. These are mostly young people and this figure is an under-estimation. Finally, research in extreme environments such as microgravity and hypoxia is also shedding new light on areas such as ageing, body tissue wasting and outcome in critical illness. If any of the above interests you, let’s chat on the 19th December 4-6pm (GMT).

Ask us about NASA’s planet-hunting Kepler space telescope’s latest discovery, which was made using machine learning from Google. Machine learning is an approach to artificial intelligence, and demonstrates new ways of analyzing Kepler data. Please post your questions here. We’ll be online from 12:00-1:30 pm PT (3:00-4:30 pm ET, 20:00-21:30 UTC), and will sign our answers. Ask us anything! Paul Hertz, Astrophysics Division director at NASA Headquarters in Washington Christopher Shallue, senior software engineer at Google AI in Mountain View, California Andrew Vanderburg, astronomer and NASA Sagan Postdoctoral Fellow at The University of Texas, Austin Jessie Dotson, Kepler project scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley Kartik Sheth, program scientist, Astrophysics Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington UPDATE (10:44 am PT): Today, December 14, 2017, researchers announced our solar system now is tied for most number of planets around a single star, with the recent discovery of an eighth planet circling Kepler-90, a Sun-like star 2,545 light years from Earth. The planet was discovered in data from NASA’s Kepler space telescope. For more info about the discovery, visit https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/artificial-intelligence-and-nasa-data-used-to-discover-eighth-planet-circling-distant The newly-discovered Kepler-90i –a sizzling hot, rocky planet that orbits its star once every 14.4 days – was found using machine learning from Google. Machine learning is an approach to artificial intelligence in which computers “learn.” In this case, computers learned to identify planets by finding in Kepler data instances where the telescope recorded signals from planets beyond our solar system, known as exoplanets. The discovery came about after researchers Andrew Vanderburg and Christopher Shallue trained a computer to learn how to identify exoplanets in the light readings recorded by Kepler – the miniscule change in brightness captured when a planet passed in front of, or transited, a star. Inspired by the way neurons connect in the human brain, this artificial “neural network” sifted through Kepler data and found weak transit signals from a previously-missed eighth planet orbiting Kepler-90, in the constellation Draco. We’ll be back to answer your questions at 12 pm PT. Ask us anything! UPDATE (1:40 pm PT): That’s all the time we have for today. Thanks for joining us. To learn more about NASA’s planet-hunting Kepler spacecraft, visit www.nasa.gov/kepler. Follow us on social media at https://twitter.com/nasakepler and https://www.facebook.com/NASAsKeplerMission/. Proof: https://twitter.com/NASAKepler/status/941406190046552065

I am Jonardon Ganeri, Professor of Philosophy, Arts and Humanities at NYU Abu Dhabi. I studied Mathematics at Cambridge, including an MMath in Theoretical Physics, before turning to Philosophy, which I studied first at King’s College London followed by doctoral work in Oxford under the supervision of Bimal Matilal and John Campbell. I taught for many years at various universities in Britain, and I have been a visiting professor at the Universities of Chicago, JNU Delhi, Kyunghee Seoul, EHESS Paris, and UPenn, and a Fellow of Clare Hall Cambridge. I now make a living doing teaching for NYU in its global network, but also have visiting positions at King’s College London and the School of Oriental and African Studies. You can read a bit more about me in this interview in 3:AM magazine. And I have made a lot of my writings available on academia.edu. With roots in Britain and India, my work has focussed primarily on a retrieval of the Sanskrit philosophical tradition in relationship to contemporary analytical philosophy, and I have done work in this vein on theories of self, concepts of rationality, and the philosophy of language, as well as on the idea of philosophy as a practice and its relationship with literature. I have also worked extensively on the social and intellectual history of early modern South Asia and on the socio-political concept of identity. One of my areas of interest has to do with the nature of the human being as a place of selfhood and subjectivity, and of the person as a category of moral identity and social importance. Through a retrieval of theory from first millennial India, I have sought to show that Indian conceptions of the human subject have a richness and diversity that can enable modern thinkers to move beyond the traditional oscillation between materialism and dualism, an oscillation that has dominated and restricted philosophical understandings of human subjecthood. Another area of interest is in the nature of modernity. I believe that we should move away from a “centre/periphery” model that sees modernity as an originally European discovery which propagated out to other parts of the world; rather, there have been many geographical locations of distinct forms of modernity at different times. Over the last few years I have made an extensive study of one particular location, the early modernity of ‘new reason’ philosophers in Vārāṇasī and Navadvīpa in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. My book about this, The Lost Age of Reason, as been well-received and generated a new appreciation of the philosophical richness of this period, when a Sanskit cosmopolis and a Persian cosmopolis encountered each other for the first time. Recently I have been working on the notion of attention and connection between attention and subjectivity. I have just published a book about this, Attention, Not Self already available in Europe and out in the States next February. The book draws 6th century Buddhist theories about attention into conversation with contemporary philosophy and cognitive science. I argue for cosmopolitanism in philosophy, the view that philosophy must of necessity make appeal to a plurality of intellectual cultures if it is to avoid parochialism in the intuitions that guide it and the vocabularies in which it is phrased. I think we need new kinds of philosophical institution to make this happen. It’s also very important that there is a reform of the university curriculum in philosophy, to make it richer though a proper representation of all the world’s philosophical heritage. I have been very busy, recently, preparing a range of teaching and self-study materials for Indian Philosophy. I just published, after 5 years work, the Oxford Handbook of Indian Philosophy, I’ve been collaborating with Peter Adamson on a series of podcasts about Indian philosophy in his wonderful Philosophy Without Any Gaps series, and I brought out a four-volume collection of essential secondary literature in the field with Routledge. So if you want to get your knowledge about the world of Indian philosophy up to speed, some combination of these resources will hopefully do the trick. Links of Interest: “Conceptions of Self: An Analytical Taxonomy” - first chapter from The Self: Naturalism, Consciousness, and the First-Person Stance Interview at 3:AM Magazine Short piece at Aeon: “The Tree of Knowledge is not an apple or an oak but a banyan” Interview at Current Science NYT interview: ”What Would Krishna Do? Or Shiva? Or Vishna? My books. OUP has been kind enough to offer a 30% discount on all of these by using discount code AAFLYG6 at checkout at the OUP website. Attention, Not Self The Self: Naturalism, Consciousness and the First Person Stance The Concealed Art of the Soul: Theories of Self and Practices of Truth in Indian Ethics and Epistemology The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450–1700 Semantic Powers The Oxford Handbook of Indian Philosophy

Hi Reddit, my name is Siobhán Cooke, and I’m an anatomy professor and paleontologist at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. My research (mostly) focuses on two things: 1) The evolution and eventual extinction of the native mammals of the Caribbean region including monkeys, giant sloths, rodents, and tiny (and not so tiny) shrews. Recently, my colleagues and I published a paper demonstrating that humans likely played a role in the extinction of many of these animals just 6000 years ago. (http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022754). 2) Teeth and jaws! Often all paleontologists find in the fossil record are teeth, and so we use a variety of modeling methods to get as much information out of them as possible. Some of this information is even applicable to understanding how our own teeth and jaws function. I also spend much of my time during the late summer and early fall teaching human anatomy to our medical students. Ever wonder what it is like to try to recover fossils from caves? Why do paleontologists care about teeth so much? And what does any of this have to do with teaching a gross anatomy to medical students? I look forward to having you Ask Me Anything on December 11th, 1 PM ET.

Hello, we are scientists from the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology in Drumheller, Alberta Canada. The Royal Tyrrell Museum is Canada’s only museum dedicated exclusively to the science of paleontology and has one of the world’s largest collections of fossils, with over 160,000 specimens in our research collection. Dr. Donald Henderson is the Curator of Dinosaurs. Donald’s research focus is all about dinosaurs. His research has focused on a variety of different subjects, such as the rates of fossil erosion in Dinosaur Provincial Park, biomechanical comparison of the bite force and skull strengths in ceratopsian dinosaurs, and dinosaur buoyancy. Dr. Caleb Brown is the Betsy Nicholls Post-Doctoral Fellow. Caleb’s research investigates taphonomy, specifically the role of depositional environments in shaping our understanding of ancient ecosystems, and the morphological variation in the horns and ornamentation structures of horned dinosaurs. In 2011, a worker at the SUNCOR Millennium Mine near Fort McMurray unearthed a significant specimen and contacted the Museum. We dispatched a team to extract it and discovered that it was a dinosaur. This was unusual because the rock around Fort McMurray is part of the Clearwater Formation, which is the sediment of an inland sea that covered Alberta during the Cretaceous Period. Generally, only fossils of marine reptiles and other marine species are found in that area. We discovered that the specimen was a nodosaur, a type of armoured dinosaur that does not have a tail club. It took five and a half years to prepare the specimen and it is the best preserved armoured dinosaur ever found, as well as being the oldest dinosaur known from Alberta at approximately 112 million years old. Named Borealopelta markmitchelli, this nodosaur is preserved in 3-Dimensions with the body armour and scales in place, as well as organic residues that were once part of the skin, giving us an idea what it looked like when alive. National Geographic has done a 3D interactive model of the specimen that shows you how well preserved this specimen is. We assembled a research team with colleagues from the US and UK, bringing in geochemists to help analyze the fossil skin. Geochemical tests showed an abundance of preserved organic molecules. Among them is benzothiazole, a component of the pigment pheomelanin, suggesting that Borealopelta might have been reddish-brown when alive. These findings were published in Current Biology this past August and are open access. New research by Caleb published in PeerJ (open access) on November 29, analyzes the bony cores and keratinous sheaths that make up the body armour. Due to the unique preservation of soft tissue, Caleb was able to analyze the relation between the horn core and the keratinous sheath, and compare the horn sheaths to the horns of living mammals and lizards. Ask us anything about Borealopelta, our research, palaeontology, dinosaurs, or the Royal Tyrrell Museum! We will be back at 2 p.m. EST to answer questions. EDIT: Thank you for all your questions! We will be checking back over the next week to answer any new ones.

Hi! We’re a trio of researchers at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory , home to people who invent brain-controlled robots, the World Wide Web, and a real version of that recipe-suggesting AI from “Silicon Valley”.   Given that it’s Computer Science Education Week and that so many students are participating in the “Hour of Code”, we thought it’d be fun to chat with you guys and share more about what we do and what it’s like to be at MIT CSAIL. Feel free to ask us questions about (almost) anything, including but not limited to:   Why computer science is amazing How we got into programming What we think about all day   We’ll be online starting at 3pm EST!   Here’s a bit about each of us with relevant links, etc.:   Tao Du Attended undergrad at Tsinghua University. Researches computer graphics, robotics, and fabrication. Wrote software to test customizable drones. Plays soccer every week whenever time and weather permits.   Alyssa Pierson Postdoc at MIT PHD from Boston University, undergrad at Harvey Mudd College Researches coordination and control of multi-robot systems Avid scuba diver   Andrew Spielberg Attended undergrad at Cornell University Researches improving the fabrication of robots and 3D-printable robots Interned at Disney Has a cat   Ask away!   Requisite disclaimer: we are by no means speaking for MIT or CSAIL in any official capacity!

Variations at the genomic level can have huge implications for how we understand our similarities and differences in disease risk, and even for how we respond to certain prescriptions or medical interventions. Part of the goal of The Human Genome Project was the complete mapping and understanding of all the genes in the human genome to begin to uncover these parts of the genome that can vary from person to person. The protocol was to collect blood samples of several volunteers, extract the DNA, sequence it in small chunks, and assemble the pieces back together into one “reference” genome. Except, even before the project launched in 1990, scientists knew that there was no single human genome – and even the small number of individuals whose DNA was used as the first reference genome would not capture all of the variation that exists in the genomes of humans. In 2016, NIH launched the All of Us Research Program to improve the health of all individuals and populations through precision medicine. Precision medicine is a revolutionary approach to healthcare that takes into account individual differences in lifestyle, environment – and especially the differences in our genomes. But last year, a paper published in Nature by Popejoy and Fullerton, suggested that some populations are being left behind on the road to precision medicine. Their findings showed that human genomics research was heavily skewed towards populations of European ancestry and exposed a lack of diverse and underrepresented populations in genomic studies. This disparity must be addressed as the foundation for genomic medicine becomes established. As leaders at NHGRI, one of the 27 institutes and centers at NIH, we are committed to understanding the genomic variation that contributes to health and disease in all populations. We recently published a perspective in Nature Reviews Genetics that lays out the challenges to achieving diversity in genomic research, the ways in which NHGRI has shown its commitment to this significant goal, and the need to engage the scientific community as we move forward. We encourage you to read the paper linked below, and ask us any questions that you have about recruiting diverse participants and communities, scientific impact of diversity in research, funding support for this type of work, and our plan for what needs to be done in both the short- and long-term. Ask us anything! Your hosts today are: Vence Bonham, J.D., Senior Advisor to the NHGRI Director on Genomics and Health Disparities, and Associate Investigator in the Social and Behavioral Research Branch at NHGRI Eric Green, M.D., Ph.D., Director of NHGRI Lucia Hindorff, Ph.D., M.P.H., Program Director in the Division of Genomic Medicine at NHGRI Also joining us today are Larry Brody, Ph.D., Division Director of the Division of Genomics and Society, Teri Manolio, M.D., Ph.D., Division Director of the Division of Genomic Medicine and Maggie Ginoza, B.S., Program Analyst in the Divisions of Genomic Medicine and Genomics and Society. Relevant paper links: Popejoy and Fullerton, 2016. Genomics is failing on diversity. https://www.nature.com/news/genomics-is-failing-on-diversity-1.20759 Hindorff et al., 2017. Prioritizing diversity in human genomics research. https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg.2017.89 UPDATE: We’re wrapping up here, but thanks for all of the great questions! We had a blast!

The radiation treatment field has invested a lot of research into making better dose distributions and delivering accurately to patients. Many advances have been made in tracking breathing motion, surgically implanting marker or gels in the body, placing balloons in orifices to immobilize tissues, using X-Ray flat-panels detectors to find markers or make “cone-beam” CTs. However, all of these approaches still do not see the actual organs and tumor in real time as they move in the body during therapy. I founded ViewRay to solve this problem. MRI scanners provide the best soft tissue visual clarity of patients organs but they are not compatible with radiotherapy accelerators. People spent decades unsuccessfully trying to combine an MRI and a Radiation beam into a single, effective medically usefully device available to treat patients. In a sense, the MRI scanner and the accelerate do not like each other. The magnetic field generated by the MRI scanner can prevent the accelerator from operating and the accelerator uses radar technology and makes radiofrequency noise that can prevent the MRI from scanning clear images. So, we took a superconducting MRI and we split it in half opening it up, leaving the imaging volume floating in the middle where we could shoot in radiation beams while scanning. We created magnetic sleeves that could create voids in the magnetic field to protect the accelerator. Then we borrowed ideas from stealth aircraft to absorb the radiofrequency noise and eliminate it. Finally, we developed advanced software to compute and optimize dose, as well as, track tissues with real-time MRI video . This allows us to optimize, reshape, and track moving tissues so we do not miss, which is important to eradicate the tumor and spare healthy tissues. What we call the MRIdian® Linac system was FDA cleared in February of 2017. The MRIdian® an earlier generation system has been treating patients for over 3.5 years and data published at ASTRO 2017 showed significant early results in treating pancreatic cancer, known to be one of the most difficult cancers to effectively treat. http://www.viewray.com/press-releases/early-clinical-data-suggests-prolonged-median-survival-pancreatic-cancer I’ll be back at 1 pm ET to answer your questions, Ask Me Anything. EDIT: Thank you /r/science mods and all the redditors that asked very good questions about MR image-guided RT. We’ll check back later to see if there’s any late questions.

Hi Reddit, My name is Nathan Cummins, and I am the Research Chair in the Division of Infectious Diseases at the Mayo Clinic Rochester. My research focuses on studying how HIV prevents cell death in some cells that it infects, and repurposing drugs to modify those effects. And my name is Stacey Rizza and I am the Chair of the HIV Clinic at Mayo Clinic, Rochester. My work focuses on HIV and solid organ and stem cell transplantation. We recently published a paper titled “Extensive virological and immunological characterization in an HIV-infected individual following allogeneic stem cell transplant and analytic cessation of antiretroviral therapy: a case study” in PLOS Medicine. This manuscript examined the immunologic and virologic changes that occurred in a patient with chronic HIV infection who was diagnosed with ALL, and who underwent Allo-PBSCT. We found that the amount of HIV that was present in this patient was reduced to undetectable levels, and that his serologic tests for HIV were reverting to negative, suggesting that he may have been cured from HIV infection. Ultimately, we stopped his HIV therapy, and observed no HIV rebound for 288 days following treatment interruption, when a viral species that was unrelated to his pre-transplant virus rebounded. We will be answering your questions at 1pm ET – Ask me Anything!