What is the future of artificial intelligence in obstetrics? A
qualitative study among healthcare professionals
Abstract
Objective This work explores the perceptions of obstetric clinicians
about Artificial Intelligence (AI) in order to bridge the gap in uptake
of AI between research and medical practice. Identifying potential areas
where AI can contribute to clinical practice, enables AI research to
align with the needs of clinicians and ultimately patients. Design
Qualitative interview study. Setting A national study conducted in the
Netherlands. Sample Dutch clinicians working in obstetrics with varying
relevant work experience, gender, and age. Methods Thematic analysis of
qualitative interview transcripts. Results Thirteen gynaecologists were
interviewed about hypothetical scenarios of an implemented AI model.
Thematic analysis identified two major themes: perceived usefulness and
trust. Usefulness involved AI extending human brain capacity in complex
pattern recognition and information processing, reducing contextual
influence, and saving time. Trust required validation, explainability
and successful personal experience. This result shows two paradoxes:
firstly, AI is expected to provide added value by surpassing human
capabilities, yet also a need to understand the parameters and their
influence on predictions for trust and adoption was expressed. Secondly,
participants recognised the value of incorporating numerous parameters
into a model, but they also believed that certain contextual factors
should only be considered by humans, as it would be undesirable for AI
models to utilize that information. Conclusions Obstetricians’ opinions
on the potential value of AI highlight the need for clinician-AI
researcher collaboration. Trust can be built through conventional means
like RCTs and guidelines. Holistic impact metrics, such as changes in
workflow, not just clinical outcomes, should guide AI model development.
Further research is needed for evaluating evolving AI systems beyond
traditional validation methods.