Distinct patterns of spatial attentional modulation of steady state
visual evoked magnetic fields (SSVEFs) in subdivisions of the human
early visual cortex
Abstract
In recent years, steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) became
an increasingly valuable tool to investigate neural dynamics of
competitive attentional interactions and brain computer interfaces. This
is due to their good signal-to-noise ratio, allowing for single trial
analysis and their ongoing oscillating nature that enables to analyze
temporal dynamics of facilitation and suppression. Given the popularity
of SSVEPs, it is surprising that only a few studies looked at the
cortical sources of these responses. This is in particular the case when
searching for studies that assessed the cortical sources of attentional
SSVEP amplitude modulations. To address this issue, we used a typical
spatial attention task and recorded neuromagnetic fields (MEG) while
presenting frequency-tagged stimuli in the left and right visual field,
respectively. Importantly, we controlled for attentional deployment in a
baseline period before the shifting cue. Subjects either attended to a
central fixation cross or to two peripheral stimuli simultaneously.
Results clearly showed that signal sources and attention effects were
restricted to early visual cortex: V1, V2, hMT+, precuneus,
occipital-parietal and inferior-temporal cortex. When subjects attended
to central fixation first, shifting attention to one of the peripheral
stimuli resulted in a significant activation increase for the
to-be-attended stimulus with no activation decrease for the
to-be-ignored stimulus in hMT+ and inferio-temporal cortex, but
significant SSVEF decreases from V1 to occipito-parietal cortex. When
attention was first deployed to both rings, shifting attention away from
one ring basically resulted in a significant activation decrease in all
areas for the then to-be-ignored stimulus.