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Triatoma dimidiata feces naturally contaminated with Trypanosoma cruzi : Inflammatory response at the inoculation site
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  • Victor Monteon,
  • Sergio Escobar-Laines,
  • Carlos Ramírez-Sarmiento,
  • Verónica Macedo,
  • Floribeth León Pérez
Victor Monteon
Universidad Autonoma de Campeche Centro de Investigaciones Historicas y Sociales

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Sergio Escobar-Laines
Gobierno del Estado de Campeche
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Carlos Ramírez-Sarmiento
Universidad Autonoma de Campeche Centro de Investigaciones Historicas y Sociales
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Verónica Macedo
Secretaria de Salud de Campeche
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Floribeth León Pérez
Universidad Autonoma de Campeche Facultad de Odontologia
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Abstract

Aim: Natural transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi occurs when infected hematophagous deposit feces contaminated with metacyclic trypomastigotes on injured skin or mucosa. To study the inflammatory response at the inoculation site, dissemination of parasites, Th cell subtypes at the local lymph nodes and myocarditis mice were exposed to Triatoma dimidiata naturally contaminated with Trypanosoma cruzi. Methods and results: Mice were intradermal inoculated with T. dimidiata feces containing metacyclic trypomastigotes or were previously immunized with feces without metacyclic trypomastigotes and analyzed from 15 minutes to 3 months after inoculation. Parasites remained at the inoculation site until 20 days after inoculation but disappeared early in pre-immunized mice that presented with edema and collagen fragmentation as early as 15 minutes after being challenged with metacyclic trypomastigotes. The Th2 subpopulation dominated in the first week in mice infected with feces containing metacyclic trypomastigotes, whereas Th1 and Th17 populations dominated in the challenged mice population. Similarly in heart tissue, intense myocarditis and remodeling, with faster clearance of amastigotes was observed in mice previously immunized with Triatoma dimidiata feces. Furthermore, immune cell-types, Th1 and Th17, predominated after 20 days post-infection in all experimental groups. Conclusions: Previous exposure with Triatoma dimidiata feces prior to infection with metacyclic trypomastigotes favors parasitic dissemination and early induction of Th1 and Th17 subpopulations with lower parasitism in heart tissue but does not ameliorate inflammation and tissue damage which is accompanied with Th1/Th17 and Treg profile.
14 Aug 2023Submitted to Parasite Immunology
14 Aug 2023Submission Checks Completed
14 Aug 2023Assigned to Editor
14 Aug 2023Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
15 Aug 2023Reviewer(s) Assigned
19 Sep 2023Editorial Decision: Revise Major
30 Jan 20241st Revision Received
30 Jan 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
30 Jan 2024Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
11 Mar 20242nd Revision Received
11 Mar 2024Assigned to Editor
11 Mar 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
11 Mar 2024Submission Checks Completed
14 Mar 2024Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
20 Mar 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
20 Mar 2024Submission Checks Completed
20 Mar 2024Assigned to Editor
01 Apr 20244th Revision Received
01 Apr 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
05 Apr 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned
26 May 20245th Revision Received
28 May 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
28 May 2024Submission Checks Completed
28 May 2024Assigned to Editor