Abstract
In this study, we propose a new method for bioprinting 3D Spheroids to
study complex congenital heart disease known as discrete subaortic
stenosis (DSS). The bioprinter allows us to manipulate the extrusion
pressure to change the size of the spheroids, and the alginate porosity
increases in size over time. The Spheroids is composed of human
umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and we demonstrated that
pressure and time during the bio-printing process can modulate the
diameter of the spheroids. In addition, we used Pluronic to maintain the
shape and position of the spheroids. Characterization of HUVECs in the
Spheroids confirmed their uniform distribution, making them a suitable
model for understanding interactions between macrophages, endocardial
endothelial cells (EECs), and DSS fibroblasts. The multiple cells typing
in 3D spheroids extend the horizon to study the functional interactions
between cells in promoting fibrosis and DSS pathology. Compared to
traditional 2D cell cultures, the 3D spheroids model provide more
relevant physiological environments, making it valuable for drug testing
and therapeutic applications.