In the realm of forthcoming wireless communication systems, various technologies have emerged, with intelligent reflective surfaces (IRSs) standing out as a promising contender for enhancing spectral and energy efficiency. The effectiveness of such systems is significantly impaired by the nonlinear characteristics inherent in their components. This work examines the collective impact of nonlinearity stemming from memory effects in high power amplifiers (HPAs) and phase noise from theIRS on an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)system. Specifically, the performance is evaluated by deriving mathematical expressions for determining the outage probability(OP), spectral efficiency (SE), and energy efficiency (EE) in an OFDM communication system augmented by an IRS, while considering the effects of non-ideal HPA and phase noise in the IRS. We validate our analytical results through comparison with simulations, confirming the accuracy of our approach. Our findings highlight the significant impact of HPA nonlinearity and IRS phase noise on the performance of the above communication system.

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) using Visible Light Communication (VLC) channels can be seen as an economically viable option to replace the existing modes of vehicular communications in the near future. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of VLC based V2X communication under various environmental deterrents viz. Light Fog, Dense Fog, Light Smoke and Dense Smoke using a proof-of-concept testbed. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of environmental deterrents over VLC based Line-of-Sight as well as non-Line of Sight V2X transmission with respect to distance and angular variations. On-Off-keying (OOK) modulation has been selected as the modulation scheme, as defined in VLC standard (IEEE 802.15.7) for the transmission of information bits between a transmitter LED and a photo-diode receiver. The experimental results show the feasibility of VLC-based V2X systems with reliable data transmission under different environmental deterrents with a fairly good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), even under dense-fog and smoke conditions where the attenuation in average optical power at the receiver, is quite high.