Forecasting-based electricity tariff selection for resident users with
photovoltaic and energy storage considering forecast uncertainties
Abstract
With the diversification of electricity price structures, an increasing
number of power utilities have incorporated demand charges into their
tariff structures. Individual households equipped with photovoltaic (PV)
and energy storage systems can adapt to this trend by adopting
appropriate energy management strategies. Due to the high uncertainty in
photovoltaic and load generation for household users, it is often
challenging for them to make the most advantageous choice among the
diverse electricity tariffs. This paper proposes a rolling prediction
method based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for monthly peak
power demand, taking into account historical peak power and applying
corrective measures within the same month. Additionally, a profit
evaluation method for electricity tariff schemes considering forecast
uncertainties is presented. The predictive capabilities of load and PV
power are characterized using kernel density estimation, and a large
number of scenarios are generated using Monte Carlo simulation. A
probabilistic economic evaluation is conducted for different tariff
schemes, enabling the optimal selection of electricity tariffs. To
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, analysis is
performed using household data from Arizona, and the results demonstrate
that the proposed methods can reduce electricity expenses and help
households choose the correct electricity tariff scheme.