The dual role of regulatory T cells in hepatitis B virus infection and
related hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a significant global cause of
cancer-related mortality. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)infection is a major
etiologic factor leading to HCC. While noteworthy progress has been made
in managing HBV replication, achieving a cure for HBV-related HCC
(HBV-HCC) remains challenging, and the overall survival outcome for HCC
remains suboptimal. HBV persistence is attributed to a myriad of
mechanisms, encompassing both innate and adaptive immune responses.
Regulatory T cells(Tregs) are pivotal in upholding immune tolerance and
modulating excessive immune activation. During HBV infection, Tregs
mediate specific T cell suppression, thereby contributing to both
persistent infection and the mitigation of liver inflammatory responses.
Studies have demonstrated an augmented expression of circulating and
intrahepatic Tregs in HBV-HCC, which correlates with impaired CD8
+ T cells function. Consequently, Tregs play a dual
role in the context of HBV infection and the progression of HBV-HCC. In
this comprehensive review, we discuss pertinent studies concerning Tregs
in HBV infection, HBV-related cirrhosis and HCC. Furthermore, we provide
valuable treatment strategies pertinent to liver cancer management.